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American Sport s^ Publishing Ca. 



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A. G. SPALDING (& BROS, 




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EARLE REYNOLDS, 
Champion of the World, on Spalding Bicycle Rink Skates. 



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Spalding's Athletic Library 
Group XIII. No. 282. 



spalding's 

Roller Skating 

Guide 



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Edited by 

H. P. BURCHELL 



NEW YORK 

American Sports Publishing Company 
21 warren street 



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LIBRARY Of CONGRESS 
Two Copies Received 

DEC 20 1906 

y. .Cepyristht Entry 
CLASS A XXc, No. 
COPY B. 



Copyright, 1906 

EY 

Amkrican Sports Pubi.isking Compajt* 
New York 



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SiPALDING'S ATHLETTO LIBRARY. 

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Introduction 

V ^ _ J 

Twenty years ago roller skating was popular throughout the 
United States and Canada. Every town of 2.000 or more inhabi- 
tants had its rink, while the larger cities supported from two to 
six or eight. Clubs were formed and the sport bid fair to enjoy 
a long reign of popularity, but there was something lacking and 
the attendance at the rinks dropped ofif by degrees until it be- 
came a non-paying institution. Several efforts were made to 
revive the sport, but little or no success attended the efforts, 
and the promoters gave up the project in disgust. 

It was not until the spring of 1905 that the general public gave 
any indication that the time was ripe for a revival. Many of the 
big cities in England had, in the preceding year, started a re- 
vival which met with generous support from the public, and 
America quickly followed the lead with the result that success 
has attended the experiment far beyond the most sanguine expec- 
tations of the promoters of roller skating rinks. Where one hun- 
dred persons attended the sessions twenty years ago, fully ten 
times that number can be seen on the floors of the rinks in all 
the big cities, while the percentage of increase is correspondingly 
great in the smaller towns. 

A number of reasons can be advanced for this remarkable 
condition of affairs. The wonderful increase in the population, 
the prosperous condition of the country, which enables the aver- 
age man or woman to indulge more frequently in the pursuit 
of refined pastimes and recreations, the superiority of the ball- 
bearing skate over the old one, which greatly enhances the pleas- 
ure of skating, making it a graceful accomplishment and enjoy- 
able pastime rather than a laborious effort, and what is per- 
haps more important than all is the fact that instead of barns 
and tumble-down buildings being converted into rinks, large, 
commodious and well-ventilated halls have been remodeled, 




TAKING A START FOR THE HIGH JUMP. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBUAKY. 7 

renovated and re-arranged to suit the needs, comforts and con- 
veniences of the patrons of roller skating. 

Many representatives of the most prominent families in the 
coimtry now^ enjoy the sport, thus giving it a dignity and stand- 
ing that was conspicuous by its absence in former years. It 
is true that they usually attend the morning sessions, but this 
is largely due to the many social engagements which occupy 
their time. With the continuation of support from the better 
element there is little doubt about the future status of roller 
skating. 

It is estimated that over one hundred and fifty rinks are in 
operation in the United States, with an average attendance of 
l,ooo. Several of the big rinks, such as Madison Square Garden, 
draw on an average of 2,500 a day. One notable feature about 
the present revival is the number of persons who enjoy the sport 
without actual participation in it. With the sport kept clean and 
healthy the present revival should continue for many years. 




THE DAVIDSONS (FANNIE AND JOHN F. ) EXECUTING THE HAND 
IN HAND, MOHAWK OR SPREAD EAGLE FIGURE. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 
(T = "^ =-, ^ 

Roller Skating as a Pastime, with Advice to 
Beginners and Description of Movements 

The attainment of skill and proficiency on roller skates affords 
as great pleasure as the acquisition of similar skill on ice. The 
one great charm office skating is its infrequency and the doubt 
of its lasting, causing the skaters to work hard. Roller skating 
can be indulged in under any and all conditions, as the sport 
or pastime is in no way susceptible to weather conditions. In 
it persistent work means improvement, and improvement in any 
pursuit means pleasure. It has always been supposed that prac- 
tice at roller skating would be of great assistance on the ice, 
but notwithstanding the thousands who enjoy the indoor prac- 
tice, there is little or no perceptible improvement in ice skating. 
This fact was patent at the last roller skating revival as well as 
in the present instance. The cause of this is not difficult to 
determine. Of the many thousands who use the rollers not one 
in twenty know how to do even an outside roll properly. 

As a matter of fact, figure skating is much more difficult on 
rollers than on the ice. It is estimated by competent experts 
that twenty hours' practice is requisite to give a skater on rollers 
the corresponding amount of skill which one hour's practice on 
ice would command. But when a difficult movement on rollers 
is mastered the satisfaction is proportionately great. Of the 
hundreds of thousands of people who have tried, and who will 
still try, but few have attempted more than straightforward 
skating, with perhaps a feeble attempt at outside edge, and inas- 
much as skating round and round an enclosed rink must neces- 
sarily become monotonous, roller skating is voted slow and not 
to be compared with ice skating, but this is due to skaters them- 
selves and can be avoided by a determined effort to master the 
full details of intricate roller skating. 

The pleasure of roller skating only begins where these critics 
leave off. It is seldom that figure skaters on ice attempt their 




DOUBLE DUTCH CROSS ROLL. 



SPALDING'S ATHLKTIO LIBRARY. 11 

ic« movements on rollers. The skaters are disgusted that they 
are unable at once to do on the rollers what they have been 
accustomed to accomplish on ice, because they attempt figures 
and turns identically the same way, forgetting that with the 
ice blade they have a universal pivot on which they can turn, 
while the pivot of the roller skate is confined to one or two fixed 
points, the toe and the heel. Secondly, finding a greater diffi- 
culty than they expected, they will not take the trouble of puz- 
zling out for themselves the difference between the two instru- 
ments. 

The climax of pleasure derived from figure skating is reached 
when figures are skated in combination with others, and hitherto, 
this, the greatest pleasure in ice skating, has been entirely over- 
looked when using the rollers. With well-fitted skates and a 
good floor, all the club figures can be done as well as on ice. 
The pleasure derived from skating on rollers should be, and is to 
the proficient, identical with ice ; the motion is practically the 
same and the pace equal, or even greater, if the skates are fitted 
with ball bearings, and the exercise, as an exercise, especially for 
ladies, is unrivalled. It is graceful, health-giving and inexpensive, 
but hitherto there has been no standard of excellence. Combined 
figures have hardly ever been tried, consequently there has been 
none of that assiduous practice seen on the ice leading up to such 
excellence as will enable the skater to do his or her part in a 
combined figure. Stripped of all surroundings, the fascination 
of gliding on skates is fifty times greater than the fascination of 
dancing, and yet without system or combination dancing would 
cease to exist. The same applies to roller skating. 

There are many social and physical difficulties to be overcome 
before combined skating on rollers becomes actually popular; 
and to take the social difficulty as being the greater first : With 
the roller skating revived the mania has become so great that 
everything must give way to the craving to indulge in the pas- 
time. By many, skating is indulged in twice a day every day in 
the week. The usual barriers that divide people of different 
social position meeting together in the same place of public 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 13 

resort are thrown to the winds. Ladies who under ordinary 
circumstances would resent the proffered assistance of a stranger 
as an impertinence, in their desire to attain the swan-like move- 
ment, accept it with gratitude ; and hence undesirable acquaint- 
ances are sometimes formed. There is no reason why the rink 
should be tabooed on this account, as it is a comparatively easy 
matter to adjust this feature. Certain mornings are set apart 
in many of the rinks for private practice. Many beginners take 
advantage of this opportunity to become sufficiently proficient 
before attempting to skate in a public rink, and thus avoid the 
sometimes objectionable necessity of inviting assistance by this 
obvious helplessness, and rink parties will thereby become more 
popular and healthgiving. 

With regard to the physical difficulties attending roller skating, 
there are many things which will tend to materially overcome 
them. The selection of skates is naturally the first thing to 
attend to. Skates should be chosen of a length rather shorter 
than the foot, as the approximation of the toe and heel wheels, 
by bringing the available pivots nearer together, enables turns to 
be made with greater facility. The wheels should run freely 
and true on the a.xles and should be carefully fitted to the 
hangers, so that little or no lateral play exists. The hangers 
should not be screwed too tight to the plates ; if they are suf- 
ficiently tight they will be found to aid the skater, while other- 
wise they will act as an impediment. The difference between 
skating on bad or worn-out skates and a good pair is very 
marked. 

With roller skates the charm of skating rapidly-executed move- 
ments cannot be compared favorably with the same movements 
on ice, because the balance has to be shifted, not an inch or two 
as on ice blades, but to one or the other of the two fixed pivots 
at the extremity of the skate; but in all ordinary movements, 
where the charm does not consist in extreme rapidity, skating 
affords the same pleasure, whether on ice or rollers. 

The difference of friction of roller skates on a good floor and 
ice skates on ice is hardly perceptible, so long as curves, without 




FIGURE 1. 
HOW TO STOP SKATING BACKWARDS. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 15 

the intervention of turns, are made with the roller skate. On a 
good floor roller skates fitted with ball bearings are faster than 
ice skates on ice. When turns are imparted, as they have to be 
done on a single set of rollers, great weight is placed on the 
axles of the wheels, and considerable friction is set up. The 
ease and speed with which some skaters perform curves arises 
from the proper adjustment of the balance, so as to cause the 
weight of the body to be equally divided between the front and 
rear wheels. 

The smallest inclination of the footstock to the right or left 
causes the axles of the wheels to converge, so as to run the 
skate in a curve to the right or left. A slight inclination to the 
right when poised on the right foot, or to the left when poised 
on the left foot (and this inclination can be obtained by bring- 
ing forward the left shoulder, when on the right foot, and vice 
versa), and the skater is at once placed on what corresponds to 
the outside edge in ice skating. This is therefore much easier 
to attain on roller than on ice skates, as instead of having, as 
on ice, to lean over to "catch" the edge, the skater, who is in 
fact balanced on a greased wire, can by the slightest inclination 
to the right or left produce the portion of a large circle, and by 
a greater inclination the portion of a smaller circle either to 
right or left. 

To attain the ''swan-like" motion it is necessary that the 
curves should be a true curve from start to finish — the true seg- 
ment of a circle, whether large or small ; and this can only be 
attained by placing the foot which is about to describe a curve 
parallel with the foot that has just finished a curve; for instance, 
the left foot at the end of a curve made by the right must be 
placed parallel to it, and vice versa, and so allowing the body 
gradually to take the inclination, and the skate the consequent 
curve in the opposite direction. 

Ninety-nine skaters out of a hundred after making a curve to 
the right with the right foot throw the balance abruptly onto 
the left, which is usually placed at right angles to the right, and 
this has the effect of entirely destroying the grace and swing 
which should be characteristic of the outside edge. 




FIGURE 2. 
DUTCH OR CROSS ROLL. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 17 

Ladies especially, urless properly taught, almost invariably 
adopt the wrong method, which, when once acquired, is most 
difficult to eradicate. The best way to correct the fault is to take 
the pupil's hands sideways and start going from south towards 
the north on a curve with the right foot ; at the end of a curve 
consisting of a half-circle the skater's foot will be pointing in a 
northeasterly direction ; the toe of the left foot should be turned 
in sufficiently to enable it to be placed parallel to the right, and 
the new curve on the left continued in a northeasterly direction, 
gradually coming round to north, and finishing the half-circle 
with the toe pointing northwest. Two circles complete should 
be marked on the floor and the pupil set to follow the curves. 
To make the circles opposite each other it will be necessary to 
place the feet parallel when striking from one foot to the other ; 
and this is most excellent practice, but it cannot be easily sus- 
tained on rollers, unless the body is so poised as to distribute its 
weight equally on both the toe and the heel set of wheels. When 
the outside edge is properly skated with true half-circles, the 
knee braced up, and the body erect, it is as fascinating on a well- 
fitted pair of roller skates as it is with ice skates on ice ; and so 
far as gracefulness is concerned it is seldom that a person will 
skate on outside edge on ice with anything like the grace im- 
parted to the same movement on rollers. 

The same rules as to the parallelism of the feet when taking 
the stroke apply equally to the outside edge backwards, and the 
tendency to go off at right angles with the succeeding stroke 
being even greater backwards than forwards. When four per- 
sons can with certainty skate eights by making a whole circle 
on either foot, it is competent for them to skate a combined 
figure — an elementary one it is true, but still a combination that 
requires to make it successful, attention to time and truth of 
curves. 

A half-circle is skated on the right foot and at the moment 
of the desired change the left shoulder is thrown back and the 
left foot suddenly turned out, so that the toes of either foot are 
pointing in opposite directions, placed in the rear of, and parallel 




FIGURE 3. 
PIVOT CIRCLING. THE START. 



SPALDIXr.'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 19 

to. the right, and the other half of the circle on the outside back 
of the left is completed. The right is now put down by crossing 
the feet behind and a half-circle skated, when the feet are again 
"spread-eagled" and the left put down in front of and parallel 
to the right and the half-circle on the left outside forward con- 
tinued to the center. On ice this is an extremely difficult move- 
ment to most men, as so few are able to turn out their feet 
"spread-eagle fashion" so as to describe a curve, the center of 
which is at the back of a skater, as this must be done without 
any assistance from the hold of the skate on the ice; but with 
the rollers a skater has only to place the skate in the desired 
position and lean backwards, when the wheels will so long as 
the inclination is sustained hold his feet, as it were, and compel 
them to describe a circle. 

Having mastered the difficulty of the four edges, it now be- 
comes necessary to acquire the turns which will enable the skater 
to blend the dififerent edges together. In making the turns it is 
absolutely necessary that the body should turn the feet ; that is 
to say, the body must be swung around in the desired direction 
before an attempt is made to alter the direction of the foot. 
The fault of every beginner, both on ice and on rollers, is that 
in attempting a turn, his whole attention is directed, not to the 
change of balance that will ensue on the turn being made, but 
to the foot that is to make the turn; and even if by means of a 
violent wrench its direction be changed, yet the subsequent curve 
cannot be sustained, for the balance remains as before the 
attempted turn. 

In all turns other than rocker and counter turns the inclina- 
tion of the body is in the same direction after as before the turn, 
but as a turn alters the direction of going, so the edges (except 
in rockers and counters) are always altered from in to outside 
or from out to inside, and this necessitates an alteration of the 
balance, so that unless the body be so turned at the moment of 
change as to enable it to accommodate itself to the new balance, 
the movement ends with the turn, as the position of the body 
requisite for the resulting curves taking place is such as renders 
the curve impossible. 




FIGURE 4. 
CHOCTAW CROSS. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 21 

The turn on the roller skates is much more difficult than on 
the ice skates, because the turning must be done on one of two 
field pivots, the toe or the heel ; but this is not the only difficulty, 
as the forward portion of the ice blade is also used for making 
forward turns and the heel portion back turns ; but on the ice 
the cutting edge of the skate prevents a slip backwards or for- 
wards ; with the rollers, unless the body be, at the moment of 
the change, correctly poised over the pivot, a slip may take place 
either forwards or backwards. Another difficulty to beginners 
is that during the moment of the turn taking place they (if a 
forward turn is to be made) so lean forward as to throw the 
weight of the body almost entirely on the front wheels, and this 
causes such a friction on the axles that no impetus is left to con- 
tinue the resulting curve. 

In making the turn the skater raises the heel by poising on the 
toe. This poising on the toe is instantaneous, and if the body 
be properly turned before raising the heel the foot follows the 
rotation without any effort. As soon as the turn is effected, the 
unemployed foot, which up to this time should have been kept 
behind the other, is brought up, and the toe turned slightly out. 
and the skater's face turned in the direction of the left shoulder, 
both of which actions tend to keep back the left shoulder and so 
enable the curve to be made large. In consequence of the rota- 
tion given to the body by the turn, most skaters find a great 
difficulty in striking direct from the tail of a three on one foot 
to the commencing curve of outside edge on the other, but the 
keeping back of the shoulder corresponding to the unemployed 
foot is the means of conquering this difficulty. The turns from 
a forward to a backward direction are done on the front pair 
of wheels, and from a back to a forward direction on the rear 
pair of wheels — at least this is the easy and natural way of doing 
them ; but with a great deal of practice the turn from a back to 
a forward edge can also be skated on the toe. 

The Q figures are capital practice, embracing as they do a 
change of edge and turn, and they can be alternated by means of 
a cross roll. One example will illustrate the point. Start on 




FIGURE 5. 
PLAIN INSIDE TOE SPIN. 



SPALDINO'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 23 

a curve of outside forward, change to inside forward, and turn 
to outside back. Then cross the other foot as in the back cross 
roll, continue the half-circle, change to inside back, and then 
lurn to outside forward, when the feet can be crossed as in the 
forward cross roll, and the movement repeated ; if the turn from 
inside back to outside forward be done on toe wheels the effect 
is similar to the same movement on ice. 

One-foot eights, i.e., eights composed of a circle of outside 
and a circle of inside on the same foot joined by a change of 
edge are difficult on rollers until the balance of the skater is so 
perfect that tthe swaying of the body in making the curves and 
changes of edge does not place the weight of the body more on 
one set of wheels than the other. In commencing the practice 
of one-foot eights the skater should not attempt to make whole 
circles, but should begin with a change of edge in a serpentine 
line, gradually approximating the curves to whole circles of out- 
side and inside edge. As a stepping stone to a perfect one-foot 
eight a complete circle may be skated on the outside edge, the 
change effected, and a half-circle of inside, and then by changing 
the edge again a whole circle of outside and so on skated; and 
again this may with advantage be varied by making the whole 
circles of inside and the half-circle of outside edge. The first 
of these forms of serpentine lines can be skated on one foot, and 
continued on the other by joining the two by means of the for- 
ward or back cross roll. 

When a serpentine composed of curves or half-circles can be 
sustained indefinitely on either foot, a curious movement known 
as "the reverse on to Richmond" can be skated in a straight line 
and subsequently in the form of an eight. The movement 
appears curious from the skater's feet being placed one behind' 
the other, as though he would go backwards, instead of which 
he advances in a forward direction. A change of either foot is 
necessary to enable the skater to continue the movement, either 
in a line or in the form of an eight. Again, as the impetus 
derived from a change of edge is greater in changing from an in 
to an out than from an out to an inside edge, the foot that takes 




FIGURE 6. 
PIVOT CIRCLING. THE FINISH. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 25 

Up the movement is placed behind the other on the inside edge. 
For instance, start on a curve of inside edge, say on the right, 
and when half a circle is completed change the edge and half 
a circle of outside; then place the left foot behind and outside 
of the right (which is taken up) on a curve of inside edge 
corresponding in direction with the curve just finished by the 
right, and when a half-circle or less has been completed, change 
to the outside, and so on. It is not an easy movement to accom- 
plish even in its simplest form of serpentine lines, but becomes 
really difficult when skated in form of an eight, the eight is in 
fact a one-foot eight cut in two, half being done with the right 
foot and half with the left. 

The two-foot eight, which is similar in character to the one- 
foot eight, viz., two whole circles joined by a change of edge, is 
a very pretty figure on roller skates. The feet are placed in a 
line, the toe of one foot almost touching the heel of the other, 
and to be effective the feet must "track," and herein lies one of 
the difficulties. It is easy enough to cause the feet to "track" 
while making the circles, but at the change of edge the feet are 
apt to get out of line, as both feet being employed, the change 
of edge becomes more difficult, and can only be obtained by 
swaying the body from the hips upwards in the direction of the 
desired curve. In one-foot eights the swinging backwards and 
forwards of the unemployed leg at the moment of change assists 
the skater materially, but with the two-foot eights the balance is 
shifted entirely by the body. To learn the movement a serpen- 
tine line should be tried, gradually getting the curves more into 
the shape of circles. When the skater is perfect in two-foot 
eights, both forward and backward, they can be joined in the 
following manner : Supposing the right foot to lead, and a 
circle with the right foot on the outside and the left on the 
inside to be made, the skater keeping the feet in the same posi- 
tion throws back his left shoulder and by a "rocker" on either 
foot turns backwards ; the left foot will now be leading on the 
inside and the right following on the outside backwards. The 
whole circle having become completed, the right foot is brought 




FIGURE 7. 
SPREAD EAGLE MOVEMENT. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 27 

up parallel to and outside the left and flipped back with the half 
turn of the Philadelphia twist, and as this brings the feet into 
the position at starting, viz., the right foot leading and the left 
following, the eight can be repeated. 

Another but more difficult method of change is to start as 
before, and arrived at the center, the skater throws back his 
right shoulder and turns backward, with the common three onto 
the right and the reverse three onto the left, but the feet being 
in line, the turn is very difficult. The left foot will now be 
leading on the outside and the right following on the inside 
edge. The whole circle completed, the edge should be changed 
and the right completed, when the skater can again turn forward 
with the half turn of the Philadelphia twist. If two or three 
eights are skated in a forward direction, then a turn is effected, 
and two or three skated backwards the effect is very pretty and 
very puzzling to the onlooker, as, if the body be properly 
swayed from the hips the whole is done without apparently the 
slightest efifort, and no stroke being made, the puzzle is where 
the motive power comes from. A spin (a description of which 
will be given later) of three or four revolutions inserted between 
the circles at the change of edge is also very effective. 

With the foregoing movements accomplished, skating combina- 
tion should follow. Given good skates, a good floor and suf- 
ficient space, and all the club figures can be skated on rollers as 
well as on ice. The same difficulties that occur on ice will be 
encountered on rollers, and it will be found that before any 
degree of efficiency is attained, no matter how great the indi- 
vidual skill of the respective skaters, great practice together is 
necessary, and this necessity of combined practice is a source of 
endless amusement. 

The skating of loops on rollers, as on ice, seems to fascinate 
the novice in figure skating. It is not an unusual thing to see a 
youngster putting himself into the most frightful contortions in 
the vain attempt to accomplish a loop, and this mania usually 
seizes him long before he has the faintest idea of how to skate 
the most ordinary figures. 




FIGUKK b. 
CORRECT POSITION TO ASSUME WHEN FALLING BACKWARDS. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 29 

The loops which arc skated most easily on rollers are those 
from the inside back and inside forward. The inside back loop 
is usually skated at the end of a three, and it comes easier then, 
inasmuch as the body has received a certain rotation from the 
turn in the three itself; it is done on the toe, and in the move- 
ment of doing it the unemployed leg is swung in the direction and 
in advance of the rotation of the body. The skater must, in fact, 
execute a movement similar to the movement of an expiring 
swimming top, keeping the body very erect, swinging the unem- 
ployed leg well to the front, and last, but not least, constant 
practice is the means by which loops may be gradually acquired. 
One of the difficulties to overcome is the ability of continuing 
the curve after the loop has been made, and this arises from the 
ankle being frequently bent in one direction, and so settling the 
wheels as to cause the skate to strike a curve in that direction, 
while the true balance of the body is in the opposite direction. 
The three-and loop, skated on either foot alternately and in a 
line, is an effective figure and very difficult, as the loops have 
to be so accurately made to insure the direction being continued. 
The inside loop backwards is also effective when done at the 
end of a series of interlaced forward and backward Q's. 

To skate the loop from the inside edge forward, describe a 
short curve of outside edge forward and change the edge, at the 
same time bringing the unemployed leg in front of and well 
across the other. The unemployed leg is then swung round 
behind the other, the toe of which is raised and the loop skated 
on the heel, although some skaters prefer to skate this loop on 
the toe, when of course the heel is raised. If the rotation of 
the body be continued and the balance be true, a pirouette con- 
sisting of one or more revolutions can be effected, but then the 
movement loses the character of the loop and becomes a one-foot 
pirouette or spin. The rotation is imparted by the swing of 
the unemployed foot, which is swung out and carried behind the 
other ; and the body, from the hips upward is turned in the 
direction of the proposed rotation before the foot is allowed 
to move; the toe is then lifted and the pirouette on the heel or 
toe is the result. 




FIGURE 9. 
PHILADELPHIA TWIST. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 31 

In skating an outs'de loop on the left fo»t the right shoulder 
corresponds to the outer flank of the cavalry line and brings the 
body round with tremendous velocity, and, if everything be right 
with the pivot all will go well, but if the body is not correctly 
poised a nasty fall ensues, as there is no chance of saving one's 
self. But the very danger that accompanies it makes the outside 
loop fascinating. 

Without forming loops, if the same tactics as above be pur- 
sued and (after the first swinging forward of the shoulder and 
the unemployed leg for the purpose of obtaining rotation) the 
body be kept erect, a pirouette of several revolutions may be 
effected. 

In the same way a whole revolution can be made on the toe 
in the middle of each circle of the cross roll eight. The difficulty 
here is to check the rotation when a whole revolution has been 
made. Unless the body be correctly poised at the moment of 
swinging round, the foot will describe a cusp and a loop and the 
skater will then be placed on the inside edge backwards, which 
renders the forward cross roll impossible. If, therefore, the 
skater cannot manage the forward loop, he must arrange his 
balance so as to insure a pirouette (i.e., one whole revolution in 
the same place) so that after the revolution the interrupted curve 
of outside edge may be continued. 

The difiference between a loop and a one-foot spin is exactly 
exemplified by the motion of an expiring spinning top and a 
top spinning at full speed. In pirouetting or spinning, therefore, 
the body of the skater must be as upright as possible and cor- 
rectly poised over the center of gravity, and the leg which was 
swung out to impart rotation must be brought alongside of the 
other. The easiest way to lenrn a one-foot spin on the toe — say 
on the left foot- — is by commencing with a curve of outside with 
the right and changing to inside edge, at the same time putting 
down the left toe in the center of the circle being described by 
the right. When the skater feels himself balanced on the toe 
he should rise on it and take up the right. The arms should be 
thrown out at right angles to the body the moment when the 




FIGURE 10. 
HEEL AND TOE SPLIT. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. S3 

right foot is circling round the left ; but the}' should be brought 
to the side as soon as the skater is balanced on the toe. The 
toe pirouette is a capital introduction to the pirouette, using 
both feet, as it begins in the same way, only instead of taking 
up the right foot, the toe only is raised, and the skater revolves 
on the toe of the left and the heel of the right foot. 

The rotation is given by the right foot circling round 
the left and the swing of the arms (which should at the start 
be at right angles with the body) in the direction of the de- 
sired rotation. The arms should be kept very stifif and rigid 
and gradually pressed close to the body. The movement is one 
of extreme difficulty, as the base is alwaj's shifting and it re- 
quires an immense amount of practice before it can be skated 
with anything like certainty. Fifteen revolutions is considered 
a moderately good spin, but some skaters manage as many as 
thirty revolutions. To look well the movement should be done 
with the feet rather close together and the skater should remain 
on the same spot. 

Even to those skaters who are able to execute grapevines on 
ice, the same movements on rollers present many difficulties, 
though it will be satisfactory to those who cannot skate grape- 
vines on ice to learn that the power of skating them on rollers 
renders their acquisition on ice very easy. The constant shift- 
ing of the balance from toe to heel which is necessary in the 
rapid changes is very puzzling, but before attempting the grape- 
vine the beginner should master the various movements that 
are used in skating this complicated figure. These are the chain 
step forwards and backwards, the serpentine line on both feet 
forwards and backwards with the feet tracking and single turns 
on either foot. 

When the skater is thoroughly familiar with these movements 
he should begin the single grapevine by allowing the right foot 
to pass in front of the left with the movement of the chain 
step when the right shoulder should be thrown back and a turn 
to right made by means of a common 3 on the right and the 
reverse 3 on the left foot, the turn to the right foot being half a 



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M^"* 



FIGURE 11. 
RIDING THE PONY. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBHAEY. 36 

second in advance of the left. Up to this point tlie movement 
is perfectly simple, the turn on cither foot has brought the 
skater's body roimd half a circle and he is going backwards on 
a curve to the left with right foot leading. When this curve 
has been sustained a short distance the balance of the body has 
to be shifted and tlie feet being retained in the same position 
(that is with the right leading) a curve has to be made to the 
right and the left foot allowed precedence of the right by grad- 
ually circling round it. The right shoulder has now to be 
brought forw-ard and the right foot turned inwards on a curve 
of inside forwards. At this movement the feet are at right 
angles to each other, with the toes pointing inwards ; but this 
awkward position is soon relieved by the left following the 
right on a curve of outside forwards, and this turning from for- 
wards to backwards bj' half revolutions with the intermediate 
curves is what constitutes the grapevine. As some people have 
a difficulty in turning the toes in so that the feet arc at right 
angles to each other it is well to begin practicing the grapevine 
by carefully turning the toes in towards the inside of the waist 
of the feet. 

When the grapevine has been acquired, starting with the right 
foot in front, it should be learned starting with the left foot 
in front and making the first turn to the left and when this is 
accomplished the double grapevine can be tried. 

The Philadelphia grapevine is usually skated backwards. With 
feet apart the skater starts with the chain step backwards, and 
allows the right to pass in front of and outside the left, the legs 
being thus crossed and the two feet parallel to each other, with 
the outsides of either foot in proximity. From this position 
the toe of the right and the heel of the left are slightly raised, 
and the right foot is flipped back with a sudden jerk to the 
right on a curve of outside forwards, the left following on a 
curve of inside forwards. This brings the skater round half 
the circle, and the feet become disengaged, and the subsequent 
turn brings the skater to the position he started with, but with 
the right foot leading and this enables the left to be brought 




FIGURE 12. 
POSITION OF THE FEET WHEN TURNING A CORNER. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 37 

across, outside of and parallel to the right and flipped back to 
the. left and so on. The whole dilflcult}- of the movement con- 
sists of flipping back the outside foot, and this is done by a 
sudden twist of the ankle, the feet being locked while half a 
revolution is being made. 

Skating forward, the Philadelphia is begun as a common grape- 
vine with the chain-step and assuming that the right foot is 
passed in front of the left, the left is brought up outside of and 
parallel to it, and then the heels of both feet being slightly raised, 
the left foot is flipped back to the left on a curve of outside 
back, the right following on a curve of inside back when the 
feet become disengaged and the subsequent turn is skated as 
in the turn from backwards to forwards of the single grape- 
vine. This brings the skater to the original starting position 
but with the left leading, by wdiich the movement can be re- 
peated with the rotation to the left and so on. 

The movement skated forwards is more difficult than when 
done backwards, and not so elegant, as the skater's toes are 
constantly turned in towards each other, instead of out. as in 
the same movement done backwards. 

An eight consisting of outside edge backwards joined by 
means of the first half of the Philadelphia twist, i. e., the half 
revolution with the feet locked, is a very pretty figure. It can 
be accomplished by the skater making a whole circle on the 
outside back with, say the right foot when he places the left 
behind, outside of and parallel to the right, and with the feet 
thus locked he makes half a revolution to the right, and taking 
up the right skates the other circle of the eight with the left. 
The movement is in fact a back eight, with the circles tied to- 
gether with the Philadelphia twist. 

There is a variation of the Philadelphia named the Philadelphia 
spread eagle grape-vine. It is begun as the Philadelphia start- 
ing backwards ; the right foot is flipped back as in that move- 
ment, but when a half revolution has been made the rotation 
is stopped by the left, which has followed the right on a curve 
of inside forwards, being turned to inside back thus placing 




FIGURE 13. 
HOW TO STOP SKATING FORWARD. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 39 

tlie feet in spread eagle fashion. When this -has been sustained 
for about a yard, the right is turned to outside back, and the 
left immediately crosses it and takes up its position outside 
of and parallel to it, when the movement is repeated with the 
rotation to the lef:. 

The Pennsylvania grape-vine is begun as in the Philadelphia, 
but instead of making, as in the latter, one half or whole revo- 
lution with the feet locked and the other half with them dis- 
engaged, the feet are locked and a whole revolution made with 
them in that position. For instance, taking the movement as 
skated forwards, assuming that the right foot is passed in front of 
the left with the chain step which begins the movement, the left 
is brought up outside of and parallel to it and, when thus locked, 
the toe of the right foot and the heel of the left are raised and 
the body swung round a whole revolution to the right on these 
two pivots ; the feet are now disengaged and the right passed 
behind outside of and parallel to the left and the revolution 
made to the left and so on. It is an extremely difficult move- 
ment, but both the difficulty and danger are minimized by at- 
tempting it at a fairly quick pace rather than slowly, as the 
quicker the revolution is made the quicker the feet get out of 
the dangerous position of being locked together. In skating the 
Pennsylvania backwards the pivots are reversed, the loop be- 
tween the cups being made with the toe. The grapevines can 
be skated equally well either on ice or rollers ; but the following 
species of grapevine being skated on toes only is peculiar to 
the rollers. 

The skater rises on the toes, and with the chain step passes the 
right in front of the left and, turning to the right, allows the 
left to circle round it, the two feet describing two loops. When 
the skater has described half a revolution the position of the 
feet will be similar to the position when skating the Pennsyl- 
vania, viz. : the right will be across the left and the outsides of 
the feet in proximity (except, of course, that the skater is all 
the time on the toes only). Resting the whole weight of the 
body on the right foot, the left continues to circle round it 




FIGURE 14. 
CORRECT POSITION OF FEET WHEN STARTING. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIEUARY. 41 

until a whole revolution is made and the feet become disen- 
gaged, the re&ult being that a small loop is formed with the 
right foot and a larger one with the left. 

Any skater that will take the trouble to make himself a good 
figure skater on rollers will without doubt take his place as a 
first-class figure skater on ice. There is a good deal of persistent 
drudgery to go through before sufficient skill is acquired to 
render figure skating on rollers a real pleasure, but the holding 
to one movement till it is conquered will of itself create in- 
terest, and give encouragement to attempt other and greater 
difficulties. 




FIGURE A. 
HAND IN HAND. FORWARD MOVEMENT. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 




SINGLE MOVEMENTS. 

Roller skating is a pastime, and becomes to the intelligent 
man an intellectual as well as a sensitive or bodily treat, from its 
exemplif3ing the laws of motion. It is the art of balancing the 
body and propelling it by the action of the feet when fitted with 
a pair of skates which enables the skillful wearer to travel 
backwards and forwards at a slow or rapid velocity or to de- 
scribe a variety of arcs, circles, spirals, serpentine and other 
figures in either direction and either singly or in combination 
with other skaters. The art when thus highly elaborated is 
called "figure skating" or '"figuring," for the reason that it is 
the elevated branch of the pastime. The good skater fre- 
quently realizes how deficient he or she is in that accuracy of 
movement which is the test of his really possessing the com- 
mand of their skates, and by constant application a polish and 
finish is attained which enables the skater to overcome greatei 
difficulties on the rollers. There are certain characteristics L 
each skater partaking most strongly of the temperament of man/ 
All cannot be gifted with the ''poetry of motion" which imparts 
grace and finish. Those who are fortunate possessors of it will 
certainly find the path to success a shorter one than those who 
lack it. But the latter must redouble their efiforts to try what 
careful practice will do in eradicating anything that is un- 
gainly, inelegant and awkward. 

Fancy skating carries the skater from the simple to the most 
difficult and complex figures upon a systematic plan, which, when 
carried to a degree of perfection not only enhances the pleasure 
of the pastime for the skater, but provides a good entertainment 
for the spectators. A common error among those ambitious to 
become proficient in fancy skating is to become discouraged too 
soon. A beginner often works hard at a particular figure for sev- 




FIGURE B. 
HAND IN HAND, FACE TO FACE. DUTCH OR CROSS ROLL. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 45 

eial hours and on leaving off seems to have made little progress, 
but the real practice is sure to have shown results, and on the 
following day the skater will find the figure that yesterday seemed 
impossible come with the greatest ease. To master the details 
of all the fancy skating figures is a moral as vi^ell as physical 
impossibility, and for the purpose of illustrating some of the 
most simple as well as graceful figures only those that are com- 
paratively easy of accomplishment, yet graceful, are used. If 
the skater can execute the below-mentioned movements with 
accuracy, grace and skill innumerable other movements and fig- 
ures will present themselves. 

The first and inost important of all figure skating is the Dutch 
or cross roll (Fig. 2). The movement receives its name from 
its resemblance to the rolling of a hoop or coin or loose wheel, 
also the rolling of a ship in a sea. To efifect this, impetus may be 
obtained by inside forward strokes, the turn on both feet to back- 
wards and a few back strokes ; then let the skater continue with 
both feet, running in the parallel curves of a very large circle, 
and practice the art of easing off the weight of the body from 
the foot that is on the larger curve (the outer), until it can 
gradually be lifted from the floor. Impetus must be sustained by 
occasional strokes of the same foot or, if more convenient, a 
fresh start made. The sustaining power of the centrifugal force 
can be experienced by turning the foot that is describing the 
outside a little more in the menter so as to make somewhat sud- 
denly a smaller curve ; this will immediately give the skater a 
practical proof of the certainty of such movement, restoring the 
balance if in danger of being lost. Having thus far acquired the 
edge, the alternate large curves should be struck in the side- 
ways attitude next, the circles which make the fourth 8. The 
closing practice should be the swift run forward, the turn on 
both feet to backward, and the immense spiral to a state of rest 
without touching the floor with the unemployed foot. This 
will test the attainments of the learner in outside backwards 
which on the large scale is a very fine and bold movement, and, 
moreover, a safe edge to be on at the highest velocity. It must 




FIGURE D. 
CORRECT POSITION FOR WALTZING. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 47 

not be forgotten that the weight of the body should be on the 
toe part of the skates in forward edges and on the heel in back 
edges. Want of nerve in throwing the weight of the body well 
on to the heel is the cause of the great difficulty that is ex- 
perienced in learning the back edges. The feet and legs in 
the cross outside forward or backward are crossed in the act 
of striking. Therefore everything takes place on the outside 
edge, and to compensate for the unusual and somewhat dis- 
advantageous position of the feet and the less vigorous impulse 
obtainable it is necessary to make the utmost use of the weight 
and momentum of the body. When this is done the impulse 
is very considerably increased. The hitherto miemployed leg 
must be gently and evenly swung round the employed one ia 
such a manner that it arrives exactly at the proper time and 
angle to be put down, and so become the traveling one. 

With this movement accomplished, which is the most difficult, 
and keystone of the others, the following advice and suggestions 
will be found of assistance. Many skaters are at a loss to know 
what to do when, skating backwards, they desire to stop. The 
movement is a simple one (Fig. i). Balance on one foot, swing- 
ing the other to the rear, raising the heel of the rear skate and 
permitting the toe to drag along the floor. This will be found 
advantageous in all fancy figures. 

Pivot circling, outside edge (Figs. 3 and 6). When skating 
take an outside edge circle with either foot. The unemployed 
foot should swing on the circle until the toe touches the floor, 
continuing to circle until the body comes to a stop. 

Choctaw movement. The skater goes from the outside foot 
forward of one foot to the inside back of the other (Fig. 4). 
The effort of swinging the body round sufficiently to place down 
the foot in proper position for taking the new edge necessi- 
tates a jump while the feet are in the ungainly position of being 
turned in. 

Plain toe movement spins, inside, are done by letting the 
two feet run about thirty inches apart (Fig. 5), then turn the 
toes slightly in, drawing the feet suddenly together, and throw- 



48 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

ing the head and shoulders in the direction desired. The body 
must be erect and the hands at the side to look well. 1 his 
cannot be a good spin without twelve or fourteen revolutions. 

Spread Eagle. The straightened knee is as necessary to im- 
part grace to the spread eagle as it is to any other figure, but 
the straightening of the knee renders the acquisition of the 
necessary position most difficult and can only be acquired by 
long practice. The best method of obtaining impetus is by the 
ordinary run forward, the feet are then placed in a direct line, 
the heels close together and the toes turned in opposite direc- 
tions. Assuming the body to be erect and the skater able to 
hold the feet in this position and proceed in a straight line, it 
being necessary that the feet be kept in position by muscular 
exertion alone (Fig. 7). It is quite possible to finish the move- 
ment by slowly drawing one foot in front of the other in a 
straight line, so that the toes instead of the heels are facing each 
other. By leaning slightly forward when the feet are in spread- 
eagle position, the skater will be thrown onto the inside edge and 
a curve instead of a straight line will be the result. In this 
case the feet will not, of course, be quite in a straight line. 
At the same time leaning backwards a curve on the outside edge 
can be attained and the serpentine line formed by the combination 
of the outside and inside curves. Spread-eagle fashion is very 
pretty and is known as the "Spread Eagle Wave." 

Philadelphia Twist. The single grape-vine movement is fol- 
lowed by allowing the right foot to pass in front of the left 
with the movement of the chain step, when the right shoulder 
should be thrown back and a turn to the right (Fig. 9) made by 
means of a common 3 on the right and the reverse 3 on the left 
foot, the turn to the right being half a second in advance of the 
left. The turn on either foot brings the skater's body round half 
a circle. When this curve has been sustained a short distance 
the balance of the body has to be shifted, and the feet being 
retained in the same position (that is, with the right foot lead- 
ing) a curve has to be made to the right and the left foot 
allowed to take precedence of the right by gradually circling 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAHY. 49 

round it. At this moment the feet are at right angles to each 
other with the toes pointing inwards. But this awkward posi- 
tion is soon relieved by the left following the right on a curve 
of outside forwards and this turning from forwards to back- 
wards by half revolutions with intermediate curves is what 
constitutes the grape-vine. 

Heel-and-toe Split. In skating forward the weight of the 
body should be thrown on the heel of one foot and the toe of 
the other (Fig. lo), keeping the feet apart. This can be ac- 
complished in both the straight and serpentine movements. 

Riding the Pony. A favorite trick of the boys and those 
fairly advanced in fancy skating. After securing a good momen- 
tum allow the weight of the body to rest on one foot and bend 
to a sitting position, with the other leg extended to full length 
(Fig. II ). This can be accomplished in plain forward movement 
or in large serpentine curves. 

Turning a Corner. In approaching the curve, the skater being 
on the left foot (Fig. 12), outside edge forward, the right foot 
is brought forward and placed in front of the left, the weight 
of the body being shifted to the right foot simultaneoush'. 

To stop in forward movement. The correct position of the 
feet in stopping when skating forward is to allow the weight 
of the body to rest on one foot, place the unemployed foot be- 
hind the one employed, in a right angle position (Fig. 13), 
allowing the wheels to drag in this position until the skater has 
come to a stop. 

Position for starters. Take a short step or glide forward, 
at the same time permitting the weight of the body to shift to 
the foot in the forwa''d position. Continue the movement from 
right to left and vice versa (Fig. 14), until the plain outside edge 
roll forward is mastered. 

DOUBLE MOVEMENTS. 
Hand-in-hand forward movement. The man takes his posi- 
tion on the left of his partner when .starting the figure on the 
right foot, taking her left hand in his right or holding her right 



50 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

hand in his right and htr left in his left (Fig, A), the joined 
hands being underneath the left hands. It is essential that the 
outside skater, i.e., the one to the left when on an outside of the 
right leg, and vice versa when on an outside of the left, should 
just previous to a turn being made be in advance. The stronger 
skater should be on the outside, as he with greater power will 
more readily shoot ahead just previous to a turn. When turns 
made from an inside forward on the right, the left-hand skater 
must previous to the turn be behind his partner, and the right- 
hand skater behind his partner when on the left leg. 

Hand in Hand, Face to Face. — The hands should be held in 
a natural way, viz., the "man standing face to face with his part- 
ner's left hand in his right and vice versa (Fig. B). The sim- 
plest of the figures is the forward and back roll in which the 
lady executes the forward cross roll starting with the left, and 
after this has been practiced some time, the lady may substitute 
a turn for a stroke of outside forward, which will have the effect 
of reversing the order of going. 

Waltz Movement. — There is very little difference between this 
movement and the preceding one. The skaters assume the same 
position as in the ordinary waltz and follow the hand-in-hand 
face-to-face figures. The man should hold firmly (Fig. D) to 
his partner in whirling. 

Hand-in-Hand Mohawk Movement. — Start the movement in 
the first of the double figures, with a firm large outer edge for- 
ward, right foot, flatten the shoulders into the plane of the right 
skate by carrying the left shoulder way back, turn the toes of the 
left feet as far out as possible. By a gentle tilt of the body shift 
the weight from the right foot to the left. The foot will drop in 
position neatly on the proper edge and the movement continued. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 61 

Sports on Roller Skates 



With the revival of roller skating many novel sporting and 
athletic events have been introduced. When skating was in 
vogue nearly two decades ago speed skating formed the only 
real athletic feature, although figure skating was always popular. 
Just as the ball-bearing skate has supplanted the old-fashioned 
skate, so has modern ideas and ingenuity found ways and means 
to provide an ever-exacting public with something new and at- 
tractive. Of all sports and pastimes on roller skates basket ball 
holds first place. It offers greater opportunity for scientific play 
and is fast and exciting. In fact basket ball is a much faster 
game on roller skates than in the ordinary style. This means 
that notwithstanding the difficulties in preserving one's equi- 
librium at all times, the passing, dribbling and goal throwing can 
be made just as fast as the players are expert on the rollers. 
There is no let up in the game, and it is full of exciting plays 
and interesting maneuvers. The liability of accident is minimized 
and with the proper enforcement of rules players who have be- 
come proficient in roller skating should make few if any tumbles. 

Roller polo is too well known to need any special mention. 
Similar to ice hockey and pony polo, it is fast, fascinating and 
entertaining, but requires considerable practice to reach a degree 
of perfection to appeal to the followers of roller skating. Some 
years ago there were several roller polo leagues, but the absence 
of devotees to roller skating was largely instrumental in causing 
the sport to lose favor. With so many members of the various 
athletic clubs throughout the country now enjoying roller skat- 
ing an early revival of the game may confidently be expected. 

Broom ball is another game that appeals to the followers of 
roller skating. It is played under rules similar to that of roller 
polo. Instead of hockey sticks, brooms are used, and a Spalding 
Association foot ball replaces the ball used in polo. There is less 



52 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

liabilit}' of accident, but compared with polo it lacks the scientific 
part of the game. Five men play on each side, and the inflated 
leather-covered ball is propelled, or hit, with the birch part of 
the broom. The object is to drive the ball through goal posts 
placed at each end of the hall. 

Push ball on roller skates is amusing rather than scientific, 
and while it affords untold amusement to the spectators it is of 
little real value to the players from an athletic standpoint. It 
has been played with considerable success and must take its place 
among the new sports and pastimes in the roller skating rink. 

Gymkhana races have found favor with the present revival 
of roller skating. These consist of a series of obstacle competi- 
tions which bring into play all the athletic faculties of the 
skaters. Gymkhana races are an Indian product, where the 
ofiicers and men of the British Army stationed in that country 
find the ordinary athletic events too strenuous with the ther- 
mometer at 100 degrees in the shade. These consist of crawling 
through barrels and rings of a ladder placed on edge, jumping 
over low hurdles and crawling under netting, or surmounting 
any obstacle which may impede the progress of a contestant. 
These races can be arranged so as to give an entire programme 
of events. 

Among the other sports adapted to roller skating are : Speed 
races, relays, high jumping, long jumping, skating backwards 
and potato races. In addition to these sports ball masques and 
fancy dress competitions may be added to the list of events to 
provide a programme of interesting entertainments. The follow- 
ing is an illustration of programmes that can be varied to suit 
the conditions of the skating rink : 

PROGRAMME I.— ATHLETIC SPORTS. 
Monday— Basket Ball. 
Tuesday — Speed Races. 
Wednesday — Roller Polo. 
Thursday — Gymkhana Races. 
Friday — Broom Ball. 
Saturday — Push Ball. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBHARY. 53 

PROGRAMME II.— MIXED. 
Monday— Basket Ball. 
Tuesday — Ball Masque. 
Wednesday — Speed Races. 
Thursday — Gj-mkhana and Relay Races. 
Friday — Fancy Dress Competilion. 
Saturday — Roller Polo. 



54 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAET. 

Rules for Good Form 

\. ^ JJ 

The body should be erect, but yielding and kept generally 
square to the front ; but the skater should remember that the 
lines of business are straight while those of pleasure are curves. 
The body, therefore, should be easy and pliable, with no degree 
of stiffness, leaning slightly forward. An air of lightness 
should pervade every motion. 

The head should be carried upright, inclining backward, and 
easy in any position ; the skater should always remember the 
important caution : never look down at the feet while skating ! 

The shoulder must be kept slightly back of the breast and 
moderately low, not forced, but easy in the position. 

The legs should not be stiff. Nothing so effectually destroys 
the beauty and gracefulness of the movement as stiffness of 
the limbs, and, as it gives a rigidity to the body it is not only 
unbecoming, but materially disadvantageous. 

The knee of the performing leg should be slightly bent. This 
rule is absolute. 

The arms must hang loosely at the side, the elbows slightly 
bent, the hands naturally facing the body, the fingers neither 
imitating the tines of a fork, nor clutched as if with a spasm, 
but a little bent and slightly separated. A position of case, 
natural, unassumed, and especially devoid of affectation is essen- 
tial. The body should be held naturally erect, yet yielding and 
with the chest well expanded. All the members of the body 
should work in unison, in an easy and pliable manner, with no 
stiffness, and an air of lightness should pervade every motion, 
as a constrained or forced motion destroys harmony, and gives 
pain to the spectators. Whatever position the head is thrown 
into while the skater is executing different movements, it 
should fall into position naturally, never too stiffly. It should 
incline as if by intuition, in a continued, graceful motion, with- 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 65 

out apparent eti'ort or volition. The shoulders sliouid always be 
kept well back, not forced, but in position. Stiffness of the 
Hmbs gives a rigidity to the body which is unbecoming and 
naturally disadvantageous. A pliability of form is absolutely 
necessary to the acquirement of the different movements exe- 
cuted on skates. 

Remember that the head rules the feet. Remember that when 
striking out on any edge you must feel that you are perfectly 
keen on that edge until it is changed to another. Remember 
that it is allowable to look down at the feet in executing a 
certain figures "to place," but that in cutting figures "in field" 
it is absolutely unnecessary, in fact, detrimental. Remember 
not to skate your movements too hurriedly, as you are not 
skating against time, and speed is certainly the greatest enemy 
of grace. 



56 SPALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



Race Skating Rules 



1 



1. The officers of a Race Meeting shall be: 
One Referee. 

Three Judges at the finish. 

Three Timekeepers. 

One Scorer, with assistants, if necessary. 

One Clerk of the Course, with assistants, if necessary. 

One Starter. 

Four Parole Judges. 

Two Measurers. 

2. The Referee shall be the executive officer and shall decide 
all points of dispute and infringement of rules. His decision 
shall be final and without appeal. 

3. The Judges at ffiiish shall determine the order of finishing 
of contestants, and shall arrange among themselves as to noting 
the winner, second, third, as the case may be. In case of dis- 
agreement the majority shall decide, and their decision as to 
order of finish shall be final and without appeal. 

4. Each of the three Timekeepers shall time every event. 
Should two of the three watches mark the same time and the 
third disagree, the time marked by the two watches shall be 
accepted. Should all three disagree, the time marked by the in- 
termediate watch shall be accepted. 

The flash of the pistol shall denote the actual time of starting. 
In case only two watches are held on an event, and they fail to 
agree, the longest time of the two shall be accepted. 

For record, however, three watches must be held on an event. 

5. The Scorer shall record the order in which each competitor 
finishes his event, together with the time furnished him by the 
Timekeepers. He shall keep a tally of the laps made by each 
competitor in races covering more than one lap, and shall an- 
nounce by means of a bell, or otherwise, when the leading man 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 57 

enters the last lap. He shall control his assistants, and assign to 
them such of his duties as he may deem best. 

6. The Clerk of the Course shall record the name of each 
competitor who shall report to him, shall give him his number 
for each race in which he is entered, and notify him before the 
start of every event in which he is engaged, and see that he is 
placed on his proper mark. 

The assistants shall do such portions of his work as he may 
assign to them. 

7. The Starter shall have entire control of competitors at 
their marks and shall be the sole judge of fact as to whether or 
not any man has gone over his mark. 

His decision in such case shall be final and without appeal. 

All races shall be started by report of pistol, a snap cap shall 
be no report. There shall be no recall after pistol is fired. When 
any competitor shall touch the floor in front of his mark before 
the starting signal is given, it shall be considered a false start. 

Penalties for false starting shall be inflicted by the starter as 
follows : For first offense, the competitor shall be put back one 
yard, and another yard for second offense, and for the third 
offense disqualified. 

8. The Patrol Judges shall be stationed at the corners of the 
course, from which places they will watch closely the contestants, 
and if they observe any fouling or irregularity, calling for official 
action, they will immediately after the heat or race report the 
same to the Referee. 

g. All track measurements shall be certified by the measurers 
and the measurement of track shall be two feet from the inner 
edge, which edge shall be clearly defined to their satisfaction. 

10. Entries shall not be received, or acknowledged until the 
entry fees are paid in full and accompanied with a registration 
card. 

11. All entries shall be made upon official entry blanks in the 
real name of applicant, with age and address. 

12. Immediately on arri\al each competitor shall report to the 
Clerk of the Course. 



58 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

13. Each competitor shall be supplied with, and wear during 
each contest, a distinctive number corresponding to his number 
on the programme. 

14. He shall inform himself of the times at which he must 
compete, and will report promptly at the start without waiting 
to be notified. 

15. No attendant shall accompany a competitor on the course. 
Competitors shall draw lots for their respective places on the post 
before leaving the dressing-room. 

16. The contestant that gets the inside place, or pole, has the 
right of way, and can only be passed on the right hand. BUT 
SHOULD SAID PARTY STRAY AWAY FROM THE POLE, 
ANY CONTESTANT IS PRIVILEGED TO PASS ON THE 
LEFT HAND, PROVIDED THAT THERE IS AMPLE 
ROOM. 

17. A contestant winning the pole place is entitled to all its 
rights. 

18. All contestants will invariably pass each other on the right 
hand, except as specified above in capitals. 

19. No consideration or allowance of time will be granted to 
any contestant where they are to blame for any delay or mishap. 

20. Each competitor shall keep in his respective position from 
the start to finish in all races on straightaway tracks, and in all 
races on tracks with one or more turns he shall not cross to the 
inner edge of the track, except when he is at least twelve feet in 
advance of his nearest competitor. 

21. The Referee may disqualify from that event any competi- 
tor who willfully pushes against, impedes, crosses the course of, 
or in any way interferes with another competitor. 

22. The Referee may disqualify from further participation in 
the races any contestant for loafing, traveling behind for rest, or 
wind break, competing to lose coaching, or in any way impeding 
the chances of another competitor either in a trial or final con- 
test. 

2^. Verbal protests can be made at or before any competition 
or race meeting against a competitor by anyone competing. But 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 69 

such protest must be subsequently made in writing and duly 
presented to the Referee within forty-eight hours thereafter. 

24. The Referee shall set a time and hear both sides of a 
case of protest, and decide the same. 

25. A tape shall be stretched across the track at the finish, 
four feet above the floor at right angles to the course and parallel 
to the floor. The finish line is not this tape, but the line on the floor 
drawn across the track from post to post. The tape is merely 
intended to assist the Judges in their decision. 

A finish shall be counted when any part of the winner's body, 
except his hands or arms, shall cross the finish line. 



CAUSE OF DISQUALIFICATION OF CONTESTANTS. 

1. Who willfully fouls, crowds, pushes, hinders or in any way 
impedes the progress of any other contestant in a race. 

2. Who cuts inside of any corner or Parole Judge, or who 
willfully leaves the course before the race is finished. 

3. Who is guilty of ofifering, agreeing, conspiring or attempt- 
ing to cause any race to result otherwise than on its merits. 

4. Who uses profane language or is guilty of improper conduct 
at the race meet. 

5. Who gambles or bets on the results of a race. 

6. Who fails to pay entrance fee before the race, or is not 
properly registered. 

7. Who has ever entered in a contest under an assumed 
name. 

8. Who has contested for a money prize within two years. 



PROGRAMME FOR FIGURE SKATING CONTESTS. 
The object of this programme is to set forth the movements 
of figure skating so as best to test the proficiency of skaters, and 
in an order that will economize the strength of the contestants. 
The movements are arranged under comprehensive fundamental 
heads. It is to be understood that whenever practicable all move- 



60 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

luents are to be executed both forward and backward on right 
foot and on left. 

I. Outside edge roll forward. 
Outside edge roll backward. 

3. Single and double flat foot spins, crossfoot and two foot 

whirls. 

4. Inside edge roll forward. 
Inside edge roll backward. 

6. Figure eight on one foot, forward, single and double 

circles. 

7. Curved angles — threes, single, double and chain, beginning 

on inside or outside edge. 
Figure eight on one foot backward, single and double 

circles. 
Cross roll forward in field and eights, single and double 

circle. 
Cross roll backward in field and eights, single and double 

circle. 
Loops and ringlets on inside and outside edges, single and 

in combination. 
Change of edge roll forward, beginning on either outside 

or inside edge. 

13. Change of edge roll backward, beginning on either outside 

or inside edge. 

14. Curved angles — rocking and counter rocking turns from 

outside edge to outside edge and inside edge to inside 
edge, forward and backward. 

15. Curved angles — crosscuts or anvils on inside and outside 

edges. 

16. Grapevines. 

17. Toe and heel movements, embracing pivot circling, toe 

spins (pirouettes) and movements on both toes. 

In case of a tie the judges shall order the competitors so tied 
to skate five specialties each. 

If limited as to time the judges may select what is thought 
best. 



SPALDINGS ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 61 

This sclicdule is intended as a guide, as well to skaters as to 
judges who should continually bear in mind that grace is a most 
desirable attribute to artistic skating. 

The rules of the Amateur Skating xA.ssociation of the United 
States are as follows : 

The officials of a figure skating competition shall be three 
judges and one scorer. 

The judging shall be done on a scale of points running from 
the number of contestants down to 0. 

Experience shews the following to be the most practical method 
of scoring: 

"The number to be given to the one standing first in any 
section shall be that of the number of contestants. Should there 
be two or more of equal merit, they should be marked the same 
number ; and the one coming next below takes the number result- 
ing from subtracting the number of competitors above him from 
the number entered. A total failure is marked zero." 

A fall does not necessarily constitute a failure. 

At the conclusion of each figure each judge shall, without 
consultation with his associates, mark the number of points which 
he awards to each competitor. 

These reports shall then be compared, and in case of disagree- 
ment the majority shall decide. 

The scorer shall keep an accurate record of the points allowed 
to each contestant on each figure. 

In deciding the relative merits of competitors, special attention 
will be given to grace and ease of position, accuracy in skating 
to place and ability to use both feet equally well. 

Competitors before coming on the floor will draw lots to decide 
the order in which they will skate, and shall preserve this order 
throughout, except that the competitor who leads in each figure 
shall skate last in the next on the programme, the others preserv- 
ing their relative succession. 

If, in the opinion of the judges, any competitor shall not have 
skated in the first nine numbers sufficiently well, they may require 
him to retire. 



62 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBEAEY. 

Any competitor refusing to skate when called upon in his 
proper turn, without a reason satisfactory to the judges, will be 
ruled out of the competition and shall leave the floor. 

The decision of the majority of the judges shall be final in 
regard to all questions of disqualifications, interpretations of the 
programme, and merits of the competitors. 



'SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 63 

Playing Rules for Roller Polo 

V - n r ■ ^ 

Among the many games that can be played on roller skates 
polo is one of the most fascinating and popular. It affords 
healthful exercise for the players and furnishes wholesome en- 
joyment for spectators. The rules for roller polo follow: 

Each team shall consist of five players, to be designated as 
follows : One goal tend, one halfback, one center, two rushes. 

The ball shall be the regulation rubber covered polo ball, which 
shall be furnished by the manuger of the home club. 

The sticks shall not exceed four feet in length, one inch and 
one-eighth in diameter, or fifteen ounces in weight. The crook 
of the stick may be covered with leather, but no metallic sub- 
stance will be allowed near that end of the stick. A cord or 
strap shall be attached to the handle to prevent the stick from 
slipping from the hand, but it shall not extend more than ten 
inches beyond the end. 

All games shall be played upon circular running skates in 
good order, the rolls to be standard size. No player shall be 
allowed to appear on the surface with a metal roll nor one less 
than one and one-quarter inches in diameter. No skate shall 
be more than two inches shorter than the ordinary boot or 
shoe of the player. The spindle must not project more than 
one-eighth of an inch from the skate. The cotter pin must be 
applied to the outside of the skate and a blind-headed end on 
the inside thereof. 

The skates must be securely fastened to the feet and no 
player can call time to readjust his skates. In case a skate is 
broken and a player thereby is obliged to leave the surface, his 
place must be taken by a substitute in uniform. The player 
retiring may resume his position at the option of his captain. 
For each championship game two balls shall be furnished by the 
home club to the referee for use. If the ball in play is batted 



64 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

out of the playing surface and is not returned within thirty 
seconds the other ball shall be put in play by the referee. As 
often as one of the two in use is lost, another must be substi- 
tuted, so that the referee shall at all times after the game begins 
have two for use. 

Should the ball become out of shape, cut or ripped so as to 
expose the yarn, or in any way so injured as to be, in the opin- 
ion of the referee, unfit for use, the referee on being appealed 
to by either captain, shall at once put the alternate ball into use 
and call for a new one. 

The goal shall be three feet high and four and one-half feet 
long. The surface must be pumiced before each game. 

In playing a game, the front of the cage or goal must not 
be less than ten feet from the end and equidistant from the 
side of the playing surface of the rink. 

No player except the goal tend shall be allowed within a 
semi-circle plainly indicated in front of the goal, the radius 
of which must be two and one-half feet from the center of the 
goal line. It is understood that if the goal tend leaves his posi- 
tion, whoever for the time being takes his place is the goal tend. 

To start the game, the ball shall be placed at rest at the 
middle of a straight line drawn through the center of each goal 
and at the whistle of the referee, shall be charged upon by the 
rusher who is standing by the goal. No other player shall be 
permitted to rush for the ball, and should any player of the oppos- 
ing side attempt to block an opposing rusher before the ball is 
charged a foul must be declared. In starting on a rush one 
rusher only can stand at the cage. The other must stand at the 
side of the rink. 

A goal is won by the passage of the ball into the cage or net 
from the front, where it must remain until removed by the 
referee. No goal shall be allowed when kicked in by one of the 
opposing team. 

The positions of the teams shall be reversed after each goal. 

Three innings of fifteen minutes each of actual playing time 
shall constitute a game, except as provided hereinafter, and the 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 65 

cliil) winning the most goals in that time shall bo the winner of 
the game. 

In computing the time all waits between goals and during the 
progress of the game on calls of time shall be deducted from 
the actual time and only the playing time of the goal reckoned. 

The final goal shall be the one which ends at the expiration 
of the third fifteen minutes of actual playing time, unless the 
clubs are tied, in which case the deciding goal shall be played. 
In case of a tie at the expiration of the third period all fouls 
shall be declared off and play shall be continued until the de- 
cisive goal is scored. In case a game is interrupted by unavoid- 
able accident or other unforeseen cause and cannot be con- 
tinui^d, the game shall be awarded to the club leading at the 
time of interruption, provided two periods have been played. 

There shall be a corps of official referees and timekeepers, 
and time must be kept by a stop-watch or a stop-clock. If 
the timekeeper fails to appear at any game a substitute shall be 
appointed b}' the manager of llie home team. 

The visiting team shall be allowed a representative at each 
game, who may require of the official timer that the watch be 
so held that both can at all times see its face, and the official 
scorer so keep his record that the visiting representative may 
at all times see same. At any time a question arises note shall 
be made of the differences and the matter settled at the close 
of the periods. 

No person but the players and referee shall be permitted on 
tile surface during a match, unless assistance is to be rendered 
in case of accident, or unless upon mutual invitation of the cap- 
tains and referee. Failure to observe this rule within one min- 
ute after the direction of the referee to leave the floor will 
carry with it a forfeiture of the game. 

The referee shall have charge of the clubs and the surface 
from the time the game is called till it is finished or postponed. 
Tie shall start and call the game, shall settle all disputed points, 
and shall announce each goal, giving its time and all fouls and 
their nature. 



6S SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

The referee is ihe master of the surfaee from beginning of 
the game to its close, and he must compel the players to observe 
the provisions of the playing rules. 

The referee must keep the contesting teams playing con- 
stantly from the beginning of the game to the termination, al- 
lowing for such delays as are rendered unavoidable by accident. 

The referee must call play promptly at the hour designated 
by the hoine club, and on the blast of the whistle the contest 
shall begin. When the whistle is blown for time, no goal can 
be counted that is made until the signal has been given to renew 
play. The sound of the gong shall aimounce the termination of 
the contest. 

The skates of each club shall be examined b\' the referee or 
the manager immediately before the players go on the surface 
or before leaving the surface. No player shall be allowed to 
leave the surface without permission of the referee, who shall 
examine his skates upon his return. 

There shall be an of^cial scorer connected with each club, 
who shall prepare a summary of each contest, which shall con- 
tain the names of players, date of game, the number and order 
of rushes, goals won by each team, and a record of fouls ; giving 
names of players making the same and the time occupied in 
playing for each goal. 

If the ball go out of bounds the referee shall blow his whistle 
to call time and place the ball at the point opposite where it 
went out, at least four feet from the rail. In recommencing 
play, the players who do so must stand in position to knock the 
ball lengthwise of the surface with their backs toward the sides. 

Time shall be called by the referee whenever a foul occurs. 
Upon the renewal of the game the hall must be placed where 
the foul occurred. 

If time is called while goal is in progress the play shall not 
cease until the referee's whistle is blown. 

A goal shall be taken from either side for every third foul 
committed by it during the progress of a game. After taking 
cognizance of a third foul and announcing the result the referee 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC IJP.UARY. 67 

shall continue tho ganio from wIrtc it left off at the call of foul. 

It shall be deemed a foul: (a.) if any player stop or strike 
the ball when any part of his person except his feet is touch- 
ing the surface; (b) if any player stop, catch or bat the ball 
willi his hands or arms; (c) if the player intentionally violate 
Rule 7; (d) if any player hold another player on the surface or 
against the rail; (e) if any player run about or strike the ball 
while one of his skates is ofT or broken; ( f ) if any player stop 
before or in the immediate vicinity of the goal cage to readjust 
his skates; (g) if any player put his stick between the arm and 
body of another player. 

If the referee decides that a foul is made in the goal by the 
goal tend, or by any player taking his place, for the time being, 
that prevents a goal from being made, a goal shall be declared 
for the opposing side. 

In case two or more players are in the goal circle and either 
is hit by the ball a foul in goal shall be declared and a goal al- 
lowed against the intruder. 

If any player remove or attempt to remove the ball after it 
has gone into the goal a goal will be allowed the opposing side. 

Any act by any player that is manifestly intended as an un- 
warrantable interference by one player with another may be de- 
clared a foul by the referee from his own observation or upon 
complaint by the captain of the offended side. 

If on account of the absence of or injury to any player a 
substitute is necessary and no regular member of the team is 
present any person maj' be selected with the approval of the 
captain of the opposing team, given in the presence of the referee. 

If a dispute arise upon the surface it shall be settled by 
the referee and the two captains ; the players shall take no parf 
in the discussion imless called upon by the referee. 

If any club refuses to abide by the decision of the referee 
within one minute after being ordered to resume play they 
shall forfeit the game. 

If from any cause during the game play should be suspended 
each player shall refrain from touching or knocking the ball. 



68 SPALDING'S ATni.RTIC LIBRARY. 

Upon the beginning of pla\' the visiting club shall take the 
goal nearest the entrance to the surface. 

No pla3-er shall wear anj' extra appliances larger than the 
ordinary size, such as masks, shin pads, chest protectors, etc., to 
impede the progress of the ball. The shin pads of the goal tend 
shall not exceed g inches diameter. Any player violating this 
rule shall be ordered from the floor by the referee to make such 
changes as the referee may desire. 

In case a stick strap is broken the player must cease play until 
it is repaired or another stick secured. Failure to observe this 
shall entail the calling of a foul by the referee. 

The sound of the gong shall announce the close of each period. 

No player shall throw his stick at the ball or across the 
surface. 

Any plaj'er deliberately tripping or striking another shall be 
cautioned, and for a second offence during the same game, he 
shall be ordered from the surface for the remainder of the game. 

Any player engaging in a bioil or altercation upon the surface 
may be immediately ordered from the surface and ma}' be sus- 
pended or expelled. 

Any act by any player that is manifestly intended to injure 
a player, delay or obstruct the game or is contrary to the spirit 
of fair and honorable play shall subject the player to expulsion 
from the floor. 

If at any time during the game any player shall use abusive 
or insulting language or offer violence to any referee he may 
expel him from the floor. 

In case of any disturbance, unnecessary noise or interference 
with the game or the referee by any one else, the referee shall 
have the right to suspend the game until quiet is restored, or if 
necessary he may order the offending party or parties expelled 
from the rink. In case his orders are not complied with he 
may stop the game and award the game to the visiting club. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 69 

National Rules Goveri\ing Fancy, Trick 

and Figure Skating 

\ V JJ 

Figure No. i — 

Outer edge roll forward on flat foot; toes; heels. 
Pigurc N'o. 2 — 

Inner edge roll forward on flat foot ; toes ; heels. 
figure A"o. 3 — 

Outer edge roll backward on flat foot; toes; heels. 
Figure No. 4 — 

Inner edge roll backward on flat foot ; toes ; heels. 
Figure No. 5 — 

Change of edge forward, beginning cither on inner or outer 
edge on flat foot ; toes ; heels. 
Figure No. 6 — 

Change of edge backward, beginning either on inner or 
outer edge, on flat foot ; toes : heels. 
Figure No. 7 — 

Figure 8 forward on flat foot ; toe ; heel. 
Figure No. 8 — ■ 

Figure 8 backward on flat foot ; toe. 
Figure No. 9— 

Various spins. Spins must not be reinforced after starting 
a spin. 
Figure No. 10 — 

Bracket circles. Change edge on flat foot ; toes. 
Figure No. II — 

Grapevines, on flat foot ; toes ; heels. 
Figure No. 12 — 

Promenade and two-step specialties, on flat foot ; toes ; heels. 
Figure No. 1$ — 

Lilac cut backward on flat foot and toes. 



70 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

Figure No. 14 — 

Forward and backward serpentine on flat foot; toe; heel. 

Figure No. 15 — 

Bracket 8 on flat foot ; toe. 
Figure No. 16 — 

Four crosses on flat foot. 
Figure No. ly — 

Flying threes on flat foot ; toes. 

Figure No. 18 — 

Loops and ringlets on flat foot ; on toes ; on heels. 

Figure No. ig — 

Cross cuts and cut-offs; single and double circles; flat foot; 
toes. 
Figure No. 20 — 

Specialties. One foot forward; toe; heel. 
Figure No. 21 — 

Specialties on flat foot backward ; one toe ; one heel. 
Figure No. 22 — 

General display of original and peculiar movements. 

Note. — In all figures the contestant must be able to do his 
figures to left foot as well as the right foot ; also all movements 
scheduled in this program must be done on toes and heels as 
well as on the flat foot. In all contests the Amateur Athletic 
Union will govern, and they will have full power to appoint all 
judges and officials which may govern such contests, both 
amateur and professional. 

Scoring will be on the basis of 100 per cent, for each figure. 
As there are three parts to some of the figures each part will 
count 33 1/3 per cent., as per example : Forward outer edge 
roll on flat foot counts 33 1/3; on toe, 33 1/3; heel, 33 1/3; 
total, 100 per cent. 




CHAMPION EARLE REYNOLDS. 




CHAMPION EARLE REYNOLDS SHOWING BACKWARD REVERSIBLE 
ONE-TOE SPIN, STARTING FIRST WITH A CORKSCREW SPIN. 

Photo by Hall. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 7^ 



FANCY SKATING— HOW TO BECOME 
AN EXPERT 

<r 

ROLLER SKATING. 

The following suggestions should be carefully adhered to in 
entering upon the practice of Roller Skating, and a thorough 
understanding of the preliminary steps should be acquired before 
attempting fancy or difficult movements. Learn one movement 
at a time and that one sufficiently well to be able to perform it 
at pleasure and without danger of falling. Overtasking the 
abilities will surely result in a tendency to acquire awkward 
habits. 

Have confidence in the ability to perform what 3'ou are about 
to undertake ; avoid as well over-confidence or timidity, either 
one will make the novice appear ridiculous to spectators. 

A position of ease, natural and devoid of affectation should 
be cultivated, the body should be erect but without stiffness. 

The licad should be held easily and slightly inclined backward. 
The body, though inclined slightly forward, should be quite erect; 
the chest expanded and shoulders squared ; avoid stooping or 
bending and endeavor to cultivate a carriage as elegant as the 
natural physique will allow. The arms should be held or swung 
naturally at the side, all stiff and awkward motions should be 
studiously avoided. The positions of the liiubs should be w'ell 
cultivated, a graceful carriage requires that they be kept nearly 
straight the greater portion of each stroke ; the raised foot being 
held from the surface by a slight bending of the knee, barely 
enough to clear the skate from the floor. 

Avoid looking at the feet while skating, the attention should 
be directed towards some object on a line with the eyes. 

Start slow, fast movements are apt to result In awkward falls. 
Be satisfied with a gradual improvement and by acquiring ex- 




CHAMPION EARLE REYNOLDS— STARTING OF FIGURE 8 ON ONE 
TOE, CUT EDGE. Photo by Hall. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 75 

perieiice the chances of falling, though sometimes unavoidable, 
will be greatly lessened. 

DRESS. 

As the body requires less clothing while exercising than when 
at rest, the skater should never be overburdened with wraps or 
overcoats. Any unusual change of dress is unnecessary, though 
ladies should not wear very long dresses nor hoop skirts. 

Never sit down nor stand in repose in the cold air when heat- 
ed, unless extra clothing is put over the shoulders, and not even 
then when it can be avoided. 

High cut, broad heeled shoes or boots should be worn ; under 
no circumstances should low cut, narrow or high heeled shoes 
be used. The skate should be selected with particular reference 
to the size of the foot ; the forward rollers being properly placed 
directl}' under the ball of the foot. 

SKATES. 
In the selection of skates the Spalding line as catalogued meets 
the requirements of the average skater, whether for rink or 
fancy skating. A very popular one being the new Spalding Rink 
Skate, all steel throughout. 

PRACTICE. 

To attain grace and perfection in skating a careful study of 
the first movements and positions is very essential. Without 
such knowledge the mastery of the intricacies of the difficult 
movements will become a matter of considerable time and much 
unnecessary labor, and it is not at all unlikely that the move- 
ments thus learned will lack the graceful appearance so desirable 
in this pastime. 

In the following pages a clear, concise and well illustrated de- 
scription, showing as nearly as possible the relative positions of 
the feet, the curves to be described and the correct angle of each 
movement at the commencement of the step, is intended to take 
the place of the professional instructor. 

The important feature in the art of skating consists in a thor- 
ough understanding of the method of maintaining a perfect bal- ' 




CHAMPION EARLE REYNOLDS— STARTING ONE TOE SERPENTINE 
FORWARD AND REVERSING ON SAME TOE BACKWARD, 

EXECUTING SAME MOVEMENT. Photo by Hall. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 77 

ance in each movement ; by practice tlie beginner intuitively 
gains the practical knowledge necessary to keep the body erect 
and in perfect equilibrimn. 

Remember always that in skating the weight of the body must 
be mclined forward, enough so at least that the centre of gravity 
will be directh' over the gliding foot ; by observing this rule the 
chances of falls will be much lessened, particularly backward 
falls. The feet also should be well placed, and the proper angles 
taken ; under these circumstances it will be hardly probable that 
the skates will go far astray. 

Careless ways should be carefully avoided ; nothing is easier 
than to acquire an awkward style ; nothing more difficult than 
to overcome it. The most usual faults are ; — bent knees, high 
shoulders, waving arms and shuffling scratchy strokes with the 
feet. Long, clear and firm strokes with each foot, head well up, 
arms down, limbs straight and body erect are the points to be 
cultivated. 

COMBINATION SKATING. 

Skating in couples affords a most enjoyable means of exectit- 
ing, not only the simple but the difficult movements, many of 
the figure movements being greatly improved by thus executing 
them. Skaters should faithfulh- practice those movements which 
will allow of skating with partners, at every favorable oppor- 
tunity. 

DANCING. 

Expert skaters will find no trouble in learning to waltz, or go 
through the movements of quadrilles on rollers. A thorough 
proficiency in the movements here given will enable the skater 
to acquire with comparative ease, the necessary steps for waltz- 
ing; the side glide, cut-off step, grapevine and scissor movements 
will afford excellent practice for this purpose. 

COMPLETE LIST OF MOVEMENTS PERFOR^^IED ON 
ROLLER SKATES. 
The following list includes nearly all the movements and com- 
binations known to the best scientific skaters. They have been 




CHAMPION EARLE REYNOLDS— FLYING THREES ON ONE TOE, BOTH 
BACK AND FORWARD. MOST DIFFICULT FEAT KNOWN 

TO HUMAN BALANCE. Photo by Hall. 



SrALDINO'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 79 

avranj^ctl Iiy an expert for the special use of skilled roller skaters. 
In most instances the name will, in connection with the preced- 
ing descriptions, enable the reader to understand the manner in 

which each combination is executed. 

I. Plain Roll, forward. 

1. Plain Roll, backward. 

3. Cross Roll, forward. 

4. Cross Roll, backward. 

5. Change Edge Roll, forward. 

6. Change Edge Roll, backward. 

7. Change Edge Cross Roll, forward. 

8. Change Edge Cross Roll, backward. 

9. Inside Edge Roll, forw^ard. 

10. Inside Edge Roll, backward. 

11. Long Roll, forward, outer edge. 
\2. Long Roll, backward, outer edge, 
ijs Long Roll, forward, inner edge. 

14. Long Roll, backward, inner edge. 

15. On to Richmond, forward. 

16. On to Richmond, backward. 

17. Polka Step, forward. 

18. Polka Step, backward. 

19. On to Richmond Polka, forward. 

20. On to Richmond Polka, backward. 

21. Polka with Side Glide Step. 

22. Polka Step Double, forward. 

23. Polka Step Double, backward. 

24. Promenade Step Plain, forward. 

25. Promenade Step Plain, backward. 

26. Promenade Step with Turn Right. 

27. Promenade Step with Turn Left. 

28. Promenade Step with Turn Right and Left. 

29. Promenade Step with Grapevine Twist. 

30. Promenade Step with Philadelphia Twist. 

31. Promenade Step with Figure Three, forward. 

32. Promenade Step with Figure Three, backward 




JOHN F. DAVIDSON 

And his roller skating outfit, including 3-foot stilt skates 

(We are indebted to J. H. Symmons, photographer, for all the illustrations of 

Mr. and Mrs. Davidson shown in tliis tx>ok.) 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 81 

3S. Promenade Step with Side Glide Step. 

34. Promenade Step Standing Still. 

35. Promenade Step On Toes. 

36. Promenade Step with Cut-Off Step. 

37. Side Step, glide right. 

38. Side Step, glide left. 

39. Side Step, glide right and left. 

40. Side Step, glide Cross Roll, forward. 

41. Side Step, glide Cross Roll, backward. 

42. Side Glide, circle right. 

43. Side Glide, circle left. 

44. Side Glide, circle with cut-off step. 

45. Serpentine on Both Feet, forward. 

46. Serpentine on Both Feet, backward. 

47. Serpentine on Toes, forward. 

48. Serpentine on Toes, backward. 

49. Serpentine on Heels, forward. 

50. Serpentine on T I eels, backward. 

51. Serpentine, right foot forward. 

52. Serpentine, right foot backward. 

53. Serpentine, left foot forward. 

54. Serpentine, left foot backward. 

55. Serpentine, one foot, change from forward to backward 

56. Serpentine, One Toe forward. 

57. Serpentine, One Toe with a Jump. 

58. Grapevine Plain, right. 

59. Grapevine Plain, left. 

60. Grapevine Plain, double. 

61. Grapevine On Toes, right. 

62. Grapevine On Toes, left. 

63. Grapevine On Toes, double. 

64. Grapevine On Heel and Toe, right. 

65. Grapevine On Heel and Toe, left. 

66. Grapevine On Heels, right. 

67. Grapevine On Heels, left. 

68. Grapevine On Heels, double. 

69. Grapevine, Single and Double with cut-off step. 






^t 



CLAIRE EL REY SISTERS ZOE 

(7 years old) (11 years old) 

STARTING OF TWO-STEP. 



SPALDING'S athletic; LIBRARY. 83 

70. Grapevine, On 'IVies with one Toe Pirouette. 

71. Grapevine, with Toe Whirl. 

"]!. Grapevine, with Heel and Toe Whirl. 

73. Philadelphia Twist, half to the right. 

74. Phdadelphia Twist, half to the left. 

75. Philadelphia Twist, Plain. 
•jG. Philadelphia Twist, Double. 

"jj. Philadelphia Twist, with Figure Three. 

78. Philadelphia Twist, On Toes, forward. 

79. Philadelphia Twist, on Toes, backward. 

80. Philadelphia Twist, On 'i bes, double. 

81. Picket Fence, to the right. 

82. Picket Fence, to the left. 

83. Picket Fence, with Promenade Step. 

84. Picket Fence, with Side Glide Step. 

85. Scissors Plain, right, forward. 

86. Scissors Plain, left, forward. 

87. Scissors On Toes, backward. 

88. Scissors On Toes, forward. 

89. Scissors On Heels, backward. 

90. Scissors On Heels, forward. 

91. Scissors On Toes, Philadelphia Twist. 

92. Scissors On Toes, Double Philadelphia Twist. 

93. Scissors On Toes, Cork Screw Turn. 

94. Scissors Figure Three and Toe Pirouette. 

95. Scissors with Toe Whirl. 

96. Scissors with Heel and Toe Whirl. 

97. Mercury Three's, right and left. 

98. Mercury Three's, left circle. 

99. Mercury Three's, right circle. 
100. Mercury with Grapevine Twist. 

loi. Figure Eight, Cross, Plain, forward. 

102. Figure Eight, Cross, Plain, backward. 

103. Figure Eight, Inside Edge, forward. 

104. Figure Eight, Inside Edge, backward. 

105. Figure Eight. Toe Pivot, Inside Edge, forward. 

107. Figure Eight, Toe Pivot, Inside Edge, Pirouette on Toe 



\ 




HUMAN TOP SPIN ON TOES. 

SKATING A CORKSCREW 

SPIN TO LEFT. 



STARTING A ONE-FOOT EIGHT. 

FINISHING A CAKE-WALK 

PROMENADE ON TOES. 



UPALDINO'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



85 



io8. Figure Eight, Toe Pivot, Inside Edge, Cork Screw 

Turn. 

109. Figure Eight, with Grapevine, 

no. Figure Eight, witli Grapevine eut-off. inner edge. 

111. Figure Eight, witli Philadelphia Twist. 

112. Figure Eight, with Philadelphia Twist, cut-off inner 

edge. 

113. Figure Eight with Figure Three, outer edge. 

114. Figure Eight with Figure Three, inner edge. 

115. Figure Eight with Figure Three,, cut-off inner edge. 

116. Figure Eight with Figure Three, Toe Pirouette. 

117. Figure Eight with Figure Three, TIeel Pirouette. 

118. Figure Eight, one foot forward right. 

119. Figure Eight, one foot forward left. 

120. Figure Eight, one foot hackward. right. 

121. Figure Eight, one foot backward, left. 

122. Figure Eight, one foot forward, with Pirouette. 

123. Figure Eight, one foot half forward, half backward. 

124. Figure Eight, one foot forward loop. 

125. Figure Eight, one foot backward loop. 

126. Figure Eight, on two toes, forward. 

127. Figure Eight, on two toes, backward. 

128. Figure Eight, on two toes. Corkscrew Turn or Ringlet. 

129. Figure Eight, on Toes, Grapevine Tur'-, 

130. Figure Eight, on Fleels, forward. 

131. Spread Eagle Plain, right. 

132. Spread Eagle Plain, left. 

133. Spread Eagle on Toes, right. 

134. Spread Eagle on Toes, left. 

135. Spread Eagle on 1 leels. 

136. Spread Eagle jump Pirouette in the air. 

137. Spread Eagle change from right to left. 

138. Spread Eagle light on heels. 

139. Spread Eagle heel and toe, forward. 

140. Spread Eagle, heel and toe. backward. 

141. Spread Eagle with Philadelphia Twist Turn. 

142. Spread Eagle with Grapevine Turn. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 87 

143. One Toe Glide, forward. 

144. One Toe Glide, backward. 

145. One Heel Glide, forward. 

146. One Heel Glide, backward. 

147. One Toe Glide, change from forward to backward. 

148. Heel and Toe Whirl or spin to the right. 

149. Heel and Toe Whirl or spin to the left. 

150. Whirl or Spin on Toes, right. 

151. Whirl or Spin on Toes, left. 

152. Corkscrew Whirl on heel and toe, right. 

153. Corkscrew Whirl on heel and toe, left. 

154. Corkscrew Whirl on toes, right. 

155. Corkscrew Whirl on toes, left. 

156. Single Toe Whirls. 

157. Heel and Toe Split, forward. 

158. Heel and Toe Split, backward. 

159. Heel Split. 

160. Lap Foot Circle, right, forward. 

161. Lap Foot Circle, left forward. 

162. Lap Foot Circle, right, backward. 

163. Lap Foot Circle, left, backward. 

164. Serpentine, heel and toe, forward. 

165. Serpentine, heel and toe, backward. 

166. Serpentine, with flying threes, forward. 

167. Serpentine, with flying threes, backward. 

168. Figure Eight, heel pivot, inner edge, forward. 

169. Figure Eight, heel pivot, inner edge, backward. 

170. Figure Eight, heel pivot with Grapevine. 

171. Figure Eight, heel pivot with Philadelphia Twist. 

172. Figure Eight, heel pivot with Figure Three Twist. 

173. Cross Roll Promenade, forward. 

174. Cross Roll Promenade, backward. 

175. Philadelphia Twist with crouch toe pivot. 

176. Philadelphia Twist on toes with Grapevine. 

177. Flying Threes outer edge. 

178. Flying Threes inner edge. 

179. Ringlets, right. 




PROF. AND MRS. RAYMOND MAYER, OF NEW YORK, 
Champion Trick Skaters, on their Spalding Skates. 



Sr.VLDING-S ATHLETIC LIBRAEY. 

i8o. Ringlets, loft. 

i8i. Ringlets, with tde invot. 

182. Grapevine with heels spread. 

183. Loops with Grapevine Twist. 

184. Loops with Philadelphia Twist. 

185. Side Glide Eights. 

186. Scissors with heel split. 

187 Cross Roll forward, on toes. 

188. Cross Roll, backward, on toes. 

189. Lap Foot Serpentine Eights, forward, 
igo. Lap Foot Serpentine Eights, backward. 

191. Ihc Box or Square ]\Iovement, right. 

192. The Box or Square Movement, left. 

193. The Box or Square INIovement with Three's. 

194. One Foot Eight, toe pivot, continuous, right. 

195. One Foot Eight, toe pivot, continuous, left. 

196. Serpentine Eight, toe pivot, right and left continuous 

197. Figure Eight toe Pirouette, right and left. 

198. Eight one foot Pirouette in air, alight on same foot. 

199. Waltz Circle, Grapevine Twist, right. 
2CO. Waltz Circle, Grapevine Twist, left. 

201. ]\Iercury, backward, with cut-off step. 

202. Mercury, with Philadelphia Twist. 

203. Serpentine, one foot with Pirouette. 

204. Scissors Cross, backw^ard, right. 

205. Scissors Cross, backward, left. 

206. Hop Promenade Step, single. 

207. Hop Promenade Step, double. 

208. Spread Eagle Serpentine, flat foot. 

209. Spread Eagle Serpentine, on heels. 

210. Eight with douljle cross pivot, forward. 

211. Eight with double cross pivot, backward. 




PROF. AND .MRS. JCAYMOND M.\ , I 



I 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 91 



RINK RULES 

The following rules were arranged for one of the largest rinks 
in the country. It would be well for rink managers to have a 
number of them printed on card-board and placed in conspicuous 
places in the rink. 

1. Skating begins at one stroke of the gong, and ceases at 
two strokes of the gong. 

2. No smoking allowed in or about the premises, except in 
the smoking room. 

3. Gentlemen will not soil the floor with tobacco ; others will 
not be permitted to do so. 

4. Crowding, loud talking or other rude or noisy demonstra- 
tions, are forbidden. 

5. No one should stand, even for a moments on the skating 
surface, or so as to obstruct the entrance to the place, or the 
view of others. 

6. In putting on skates, see that the buckles are upon the 
outside of the foot. 

7. Never cross the skating surface in passing to or from a 
seat; always follow the direction of the skaters. 

8. Spitting or throwing any substance upon the skating sur- 
face IS dangerous, and will not be permitted. 

9. Going up or down stairs with skates on is dangerous and 
strictly prohibited. 

10. No stick, cane, string, or other similar article, should be 
taken on the floor. 

11. In skating around the circuit, all will observe a uniform 
direction, taking great care never to interfere with the move- 
ments of others. 

12. No skater should stop, even for an instant, in the circuit, 
except to assist a lady. 




PROF. AND MRS. RAYMOND MAYER. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 98 

13. Pushing, tripping, racing, tagging or taking hold of otli- 
ers' garments, or any rude or dangerous actions, arc strictly 
forbidden. 

14. Most falls occur from the feet being parallel with each 
other, or nearly so, as in this position one foot cannot check the 
movement of the other; hence. l)efore attempting to stand u]ion 
the skates, the beginner should place the heels together, with 
the feet at right angles, in which position they should always be. 
while getting up, sitting down, or standing upon skates. 

15. Skating by four or more than two together, should be 
avoided, while skating in couples should be practiced as much 
as possible, by all sufficiently advanced, as there is no other way 
in which a lady and gentleman can make so graceful an appear- 
ance. 

16. On removing the skates please return them to the skate 
room, with the heel strap of one skate buckled and tucked firmly 
into the buckle of the other skate to prevent mismating. 

17. A cheerful compliance with the above, and a careful re- 
gard for the comfort and enjoyment of others, is respectfully 
requested. 

18. None but those known, or supposed by the management to 
be acceptable to a majority of the patrons, will be admitted and 
furnished with skates. 



94 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRAKl*. 



PROGRAMME FOR SKATING 
CONTESTS 

if 

1. Plain Forward and Backward Movement. 

2. "Lap Foot," as field step and cutting circle. 

3. Outer Edge Roll, forward. 

4. Outer Edge Roll, backward. 

5. Inner Edge Roll, forward. 

6. Inner Edge Roll, backward. 

7. Cross Roll, forward. 

8. Cross Roll, backward. 

9. Change of Edge Roll, forward, beginning either on outer 

or inner edge. 

10. Change of Edge Roll, backward, beginning either on outer 

or inner edge. 

11. (a) "On to' Richmond:" i. c, cross one foot in front of the 

other, and with back stroke outside edge go backward or 
forward. 
(&) Reverse "On to Richmond:" ;. c, going forward by 
forward outer edge strokes given alternately behind each 
foot. 

12. "Locomotive:" forward, backward, sideways, single and 

double. 

13. Waltz Step. 

14. Spread Eagle, inner and outer edges. 

15. Figure Threes (a), beginning inner or outer edge. On field 

and in eight. Including ''Flying Threes." (t) Double 
Threes, beginning outer or inner edge. 

16. Grape Vines, including "Philadelphia Twist," etc. 

17. Toe and Heel Movements, embracing pivot circle, toe spins 

^^irouettes) , and movements on both toes, etc. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 95 

i8. Single Flat Foot Spins, and Double Foot Whirls. 

19. Serpentine (a), single foot forward and backward, right and 

left. 
(b) following feet, forward and backward, right and left. 
In "Two Foot Eight." 

20. Figure Eight on one foot, forward. 

21. Figure Eight on one foot, backward. 

22. Change of Edge, single and double. 

23. One Foot Loops, inner and outer edges, simple and in com- 

bination. 
24.0ne Foot Ringlets, inner and outer edges, simple and in com- 
bination. 

25. Specialties, embracing original and peculiar movements. 

26. General display of combined movements at the option of the 

contestant. 



96 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 



r 



K-. 



'-^ 



About Rink Management 



J 



Presuming that the rink proprietor has purchased his equip- 
ment of Spalding Rinic Roller Skates, which are warranted to 
be the best and most satisfactory rink skates ever made, the 
next most important matter is the floor for the rink. 

Those who have had experience and really know what is 
correct in the way of a rink floor advise that a good floor 
be laid by experienced men and under no circumstances attempt 
to save a few dollars at the expense of quality. Maple or birch, 
3 to },y2 inches wide, tongue and groove, is what most of the 
best rinks have used for their floors and in laying the floor it is 
recommended to commence at the ends and corners, although 
some rinks are built with the boards running lengthwise as much 
as possible and starting from the middle to lay thtni. When it 
comes to laying the boards at the corners they should be ar- 
ranged so that the skating is never against the grain. The de- 
sign shown below will give a rough idea of about how this ii 
usually done. 



The direction of the skating should be changed frequently, as 
it is not advisable to have the people skating always in the 





SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 97 

same direction. If the.v do it is not long before the adjusting 
rubbers on the skates become worn on one side and the skates 
will not run even. It is better to arrange matters so that at a 
given signal, say one stroke of the gong, all skating should stop, 
and then at two strokes of the gong, skating recommences in 
the opposite direction. In this manner, reversing the direction 
of the skating at least every half hour, the skates are kept trued 
up, so that they will always run even and consequently give 
better satisfaction. 

No fast skating should be allowed during regular sessions. It 
has been found that the best hours for regular sessions are from 
10:30 to 12 noon, from 2:30 to 5:30 P. M.. and from 7:30 to 
10:30 P. M. The charge for admission covers a wide range. 
In some places as low as 10 or 15 cents and so on from 25 or 
50 cents to a subscription arrangement, where a skating club 
will hire a rink for a certain number of nights during a season 
and charge each member a certain amount as a subscription. In 
some cases an extra charge is made for the use of the skates, in 
others it is included in the admission, but in whatever way it 
may be arranged it is well for the rink proprietor to always 
cater to the best people in his locality and to discourage and. in 
fact, prevent the attendance of any who are rough or disorderly. 
.\ special feature, which has proven popular with many roller 
skating rinks, is to have a Saturday forenoon and afternoon 
session for ladies and children. 

The means provided by rink proprietors for adding to the in- 
terest are many and varied. In one town the rink proprietor 
arranged with a couple of professional skaters to give an ex- 
hibition of dancing on roller skates and they instructed a num- 
ber of patrons of the rink so that they could dance the two-step 
on skates. In another town the rink manager arranged for a 
drawing each week, the prizes being a pair each of ladies' and 
gentlemen's Spalding Rink Roller Skates. The tickets, of course, 
were numbered and the holder of the lucky ticket was presented 
at the end of the week with a pair of skates. In other places 
masquerades have been arranged, even to the extent of getting 



98 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

up on quite an ambitious scale a regular ]Mar(li Gras. Relay 
races have been arranged and pursuit races also, in the latter, 
two contestants, one starting irom either side of the rink, the 
winner of course being the one who caught up with the other 
skater. 

In all rinks there should be a large gong bell and it is also 
well to arrange for a regular repair room which should be 
equipped with necessarj- tools for repairing skates, such as 
pincers, pliers, hammers, screwdrivers, etc. The petty repairs, 
such as putting on nuts that come loose and oiling skates, can 
be done at the counter where the skates are given out. In case 
of a skate being bent it is a very simple matter to put the end 
in a vise and pull it into place. The more serious repairs, such 
as putting on carriers and axles, replacing ball bearings, etc., 
should be done in the repair room. As a rule skates should be 
olied once or twice in a session, sometimes it is not necessary, 
but they certainly should be oiled either just before or after each 
session if the\' are to give the best service. 

As to music there is of course no settled rule, in some rinks 
they have a full brass band, in others they are content with a 
few pieces, and in one of the most successful rinks they have a 
mechanical musical instrument set up in the middle of the floor 
and run by an electric motor. 

It is not intended that the particulars we have specified above 
relating to the management and equipment of a roller skating 
rink shall be taken or understood as being absolutely rigid in 
application to rinks in various parts of the country, but we have 
endeavored to cover in this article a few points that are gen- 
erally left out of most advertising matter relating to the equip- 
ment of a rink, and we believe that some of the points in this 
article will be found of use to those who are thinking about 
starting a rink and are in doubt as to just how to go about it. 



Sr.VLDINGS ATIIhETIC LIBRARY. 99 

About Rink Roller Skatins 

' ^ - J) 

We want to say a few words to you about rink skates and 
when we refer to rink skates we do not mean some makeshift 
style adapted from an ordinary sidewalk skate, but instead a 
skate as much dififerent in every essential particular from the 
sidewalk skate as the improved "safety" bicycle was from the 
old "high" wheel. The sidewalk skate is suitable for children 
and it has its place, but in a rink patronized for the most part 
by grown people, the skate that is to give really satisfactory 
service must be built specially to conform to rink conditions. 

The Spalding Rink Roller Skate is designed to meet the de- 
mand for a satisfactory skate for rink use. First of all, it is 
built so that it will run smoothly without rattle or shake and 
the hangers are arranged to give the skater the necessary amount 
of freedom he requires to take corners easily. Then the skate 
has a solid footplate, well braced to make it able to withstand 
all kinds of use and abuse. It does not matter whether the 
skater weighs one hundred or ihree hundred pounds, the skate 
is equally suitable and satisfactory, because the steel construc- 
tion does not weigh any more than the clumsy adjtistable ar- 
rangements on many sidewalk skates and the improved methods 
of construction make possible greater speed and more pleasure 
for the skater be he large or small. 

Now in regard to the perforated ball bearing steel rolls, with 
which practically all Spalding Rink Roller Skates are equipped. 
These rolls, it is needless to say, are the most durable of any 
and they give the best satisfaction to the skater also. The per- 
forated steel rolls are constructed on the same principle as a 
wagon or carriage wheel, with a perforated flange resting on 
the axle at the center of the wheel and meeting the rim in the 
center, thus making certain that the roll will run true- and easy 
and not wobbly like a barrel as would be the case if the per- 



100 SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 

forated flange was divided into two and not centered, as it is. 
Furthermore, the wheels fit snugly against the dust caps. The 
cases are made of tool steel, the ball cups are like those on a 
bicycle wheel, all grooved and inserted in the wheel positively 
true and there is a brace running through the wheel which pre- 
vents the cup from becoming loose and saves the annoyance of 
rattling after the skate has been used for any length of time. 
We describe in this detailed waj^ the construction and equip- 
ment of the rolls with which we are fitting Spalding Rink Roller 
Skates because it is upon the rolls that the skater really depends 
for the enjo3-ment he gets out of the sport, and the saying in 
regard to the worthlessness of a horse without good hoofs is 
just as true in reference to skates equipped with rollers that 
are not satisfactory. 

There are a few more points about the Spalding Rink Roller 
Skates that are worthy of note and, as they increase the effi- 
ciency of the skate they should be interesting to the prospective 
purchaser. In order to make certain that there are no defects 
in the material from which the footplates of the skates are made, 
they are constructed from cold drawn steel, thereby avoiding the 
possibility of a bad accident on account of a footplate breaking 
and furthermore the truss arrangement under the footplate 
strengthens it even more and makes certain that it will not be- 
come loose, even after much use. Then the heads of the clamp 
screws are case hardened so that the edges will not turn, and 
making it unnecessary to replace them, even after considerable 
use, and the heel strap is reinforced with material to add to its 
durability. All these points in regard to the construction of the 
Spalding Rink Roller Skates you will notice after examination, 
and you will also note that the adjustment of the hanger is such 
that it is possible to secure the full benefit of the rubber by 
tightening the nut as the rubber becomes smaller after much 
use — this also prevents rattling and it is something that is not 
possible where there is no bolt and nut adjustment, as there is 
on the Spalding Rink Roller Skate. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY. 101 

In the old days of rink roller skating there was hardly a 
town of any size in the United States that did not maintain a 
rink. Thousands made fortunes in the business and many who 
waited too long before starting and were left with rinks on 
their hands did not realize the profits they had anticipated. How- 
ever, it is a fact that many towns owe their possession of a 
well-built opera house or other amusement place to-day to the 
rink roller skating "craze" of over twenty years ago. If we are 
to judge the signs of the times we are in for another "craze," if 
we may so term it, just as extensive, if not more so, than the 
old one, and to-day, with improved mechanical skill, the sport 
promises even more pleasure for the present generation than it 
was responsible for in the old days. Roller skating conducted 
properly is a good sport, a healthy exercise, and anyone who 
has watched the skaters in a rink realizes why roller skating is 
recommended for many as a certain method of building up weak 
physiques, while it is claimed that the motion acts as a tonic on 
the system generally. To those who skate no word of commen- 
dation or approval is required, for to them is given the realiza- 
tion of all that a graceful figure and correct carriage really 
means. Thousands of people, young and old, have taken up 
roller skating within the past couple of j-ears and many thou- 
sands more will take it up within the next few years, without 
doubt. To all of these thousands the enjoyment that will come 
to them on account of the activity which roller skating imposes 
will add without doubt to their lease of life and, taken up in 
the proper spirit, it should be the means of making them better 
and more likeable men and women. 




HIGHEST AWARDS 

FOR SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 



GRAND PRJZE 

ST. LOUIS 
1904 




GRAND PRIX 

PARIS 
1900 



=C) G= 




(T 



Spalding Rink Roller Skates 

These are the only skates we recommend for general rink use 

Not a Sidewalk Skate, but a ^_- 
Rink Skate built for rink pur- < 
poses, to stand rink conditions; 
in fact, simply the best R.ink 
Skate ever made. 

All steel, except the leather straps and 

rubber cushions. Tempered steel ball 

bearings, steel perforated rollers. 



=^ 




Sizes 



No. 



8, 8<, 9, 9;^, lO, \0V^, II, 11^, 12 
Inch Foot Plate 

P L . For Women and Girls. Bright finish. Per pair, $ 4 . 5 O 

The above Rink Skates furnished with 

ball bearing fibre rollers instead at 

same price. 

Extra Rollers for Skates 

No. S> All steel ball bearing perforated skate 
roller, same as used to equip Nos. P and PL rink 
skates Each, 30C. 

Correspondence Solicited with 
Rink Managers and Promoters 




A. C. SPALDING &, BROS. 



(U. 



New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco I 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans | 

Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati] 

Montreal, Canada London, England 



:i/ 




HIGHEST AWARDS 

FOR SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 



GRAND PRIZE 

ST. LOUIS 

1904 




GRAND PRIX 

PARIS 
1900 , 




/^ 



Spalding Rink Roller Skates 

These are the only skates we recommend for general rink use 

Not a Sidewalk Skate, but a 
Rink Skate built for rink pur- 
poses, to stand rink conditions; 
in fact, simply the best Rink 
Skate ever made. 



^=^ 



All steel, except the leather straps and 

rubber cushions. Tempered steel ball 

bearings, steel perforated rollers. 




izes: 8, 8' , 9, 9; , JO, lO": 
Inch Foot Plate 

P . For Men and Boys. Bright finish. . . Per pair, $4. 50 

The above Rink Skates furnished with 

ball bearing fibre rollers instead at 

same price. 

Extra Rollers for Skates 

No. S. All steel ball bearing perforated skate 
rollei-, same as used to equip Nos. P and PL rink 
skates Each. 30c. 

Correspondence Solicited with 
Rink Managers and Promoters 




J 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



(^ 



91 

Z=fJ 

New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Franciscol 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans | 

Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati | 

Montreal, Canada London, England 



z'J 




HIGHEST AWARDS 

rOK SPALDINC ATHLETIC GOODS 

GRAND PRJZE /|c^v GRAND PRIX 
ST. LOUIS (\M9!!Ui)i P A R r s 



=i:> G= 




r- 



==^ 



Peck ®f Snyder 

Club Roller 

Skates 

Cold Rolled 
Steel, Nickel- 
Plated, Tem- 
pered Steel 
Ball Bearings 

No, IBB. Men's All 
Clamp, adjustable from 
10 to 11/4 inches. 

Per Pair, $3.50 
No. 3BB. Ladies' and Misses' All Clamp, adjustable from 7/4 to 9'j 

inches. Per pair, $3.50 

No. 2B B. Men's Half Clamp, adjustable from 10 to IVA inches. 

Per pair, $3.50 

No. 4BB. Ladies' and Misses' Half Clamp, adjustable from 7 '4 to 9 '4 

inches. Per pair, $3. 50 

Cold Rolled Steel, Bright Finish, Plain Bearing. 

No. I . Men's All Clamp, adjustable from 10 to 11 /2 inches. 

Per pair, $1.25 
No. 3. Ladies' and Misses' All Clamp, adjustable from 7/4 to 9^i 

inches. Per pair, $1.25 

No. 2. Men's Half Clamp, adjustable from 10 to 11/4 inches. 

Per pair. $1.25 

No. 4'. Ladies' and Misses' Half Clamp, adjustable from 754 to 914 

inches Per pair, $1,25 




Extra Rollers for Skates 



^ 



No. H . Hemacite Skate Rollers. Plain. 
No. C. Cast Steel Skate Rollers. Plain. 



Each, 5c. 

5c. 



J 



^ 



A. C. SPALDING &. BROS. 



New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco) 
Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 
Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 1 1 
Montreal, Canada London. England II 




HIGHEST AWARDS 

rOR SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 



GRAND PRIZE 

ST. LOUIS 
1904 




GRAND PRIX 

PARIS 
1900 




(T- 



Peck & Snyder Racing Roller Skates 



^=^. 




^ 



This style of skate 
is steadily increas- 
ing in popularity. 
Cold rolled steel, 
heavily nickel- 
plated. Wheels have 
tempered steel ball 
bearings and good 
quality solid rubber 
tires. 

No. IR. Men's All 
Clamp, adjustable 
from 10 to 11'^ in. 
Per Pair, $4.00 
No. 3R. Ladies' and Misses' All Clamp, adjustable from 7/2 to 95'2 in. 

Per pair, $4.00 
No. 4R. Ladies' and Misses' Half Clamp, adjustable from IV2 to 9^ in. 

Per pair, $4.00 

Peck 

& Snyder 

Climax 

Skate 

Adjustable from 

7/2 to 10 inches. 
No. (6. Ebonized 
Wheels. 

Per pair, 75c. 

Extra Rollers for Skates 

No. S. All steel ball bearing- perforated skate roller, same as used to 

equip Nos. P and PL rink skates Each, 30C. 

No. H. Hemacite Skate Rollers. Plain. . . . " .5c. 

No. C. Cast Steel Skate Rollers. Plain. ... " 5c. 




J) 



^ 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



(U, 



New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco | 
Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 
Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal, Canada London, England 




HIGHEST AWARDS 

FOR SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 





(r 



Polo Coal cages 




=^ 






Regulation size and style, complete with net, Furnished 
with sloping board in front so that ball can roll up into 
the cage. ...... Per pair, $40.00 



U 



The Spalding'' oiilclai Polo Ball 

The Official Ball is made of the veiy best 
material, according to the latest Polo 
regulations. None genuine without our 
trade-mark on each ball and box. Each 
ball wrapped in tinfoil, put in a separate 
box and sealed in accordance with 
League regulations. 

"Official" Polo Ball, . . . Each. TSc. 

"Practice" Polo Ball. , . . " 25c. 

Rubber Polo Ball "10c. 




J 



^ 



A. C. SPALDING & BROS. 



New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco I 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans | 

Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati! 

Montreal, Canada London, England I 




HIGHEST AWARDS 

FOR SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 

GRAND PRIZE 

ST. LOUIS 
1904 




=^ cp 




f- 



POLO LEG AND SHIN GIARDS 



LEG GUARDS 

No. 4. Players' Style. Leather Leg 
Guards. . . Per pair, $3, OO 
No. 5. Players' Style. Canvas Leg 
Guards. . . Per pair, $2.5 O 
No. 4C. Goal Tenders' Leather 
LepT Guards. Extra long and specially 
padded. . . Per pair. $4. OO 
No. 5G. Goal Tenders' Canvas Leg 
Guards. Extra long and specially pad- 
ded. . . . Per pair, $2.75 

SHIN GUARDS 

No. F. Canvas Shin Guards, 10 
inches long ; equipped with ankle pro- 
tectors. . . Per pair, $ I .OO 
No. 40. Leather Shin Guards, 10 
inches long ; equipped with ankle pro- 
tectors. . . Per pair, $ I .75 



==^ 





Nos. F and 40 



\:: 



PANTS FOR ROLLER POLO 

No. 5B. Made of heavy Brown or White canvas, 
padded lightly on hips and very loose fitting. $ I .OO 

FLY FRONT, LACE BACK 

No. (. White or Black Sateen. Per pair, $ I .25 

1 No. 2. White or Black Sateen. " I .OO 

^ No. 3. White or Black Silesia. " .75 

1 No. 4. White or Black Silesia. " .50 

Stripes down sides of any of the above pants 25c. 

per pair extra. 

LOWER ABDOMEN PROTECTOR 

No. S. Made of heavy sole leather, well padded, 
with quilted lining and non-elastic bands, with 
buckles at side and elastic at back. The most 
satisfactory and safest protector for Boxing, 
Hockey, Foot Ball. Polo, Etc. No other supporter 
necessary with this style. . Each. $3.00 




J) 



^ 



A. G. SPALDING &, BROS. 



New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco) 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 

Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati I 
Montreal, Canada London, England I 




HIGHEST AWARDS 

rOR. SPALDING ATHLCTIC GOODS 





tr- 



... Spalding Polo Sticks. 



^=^ 



The Spalding "Rink Polo' 
Stick is made of the best 
and most carefully selected 
material from patterns 
furnished by the "Cham- 
pions of America." Each 
stick is carefully in- 
spected and guaran- 
teed uniform in weight 
and balance. 
No. 0. The Spalding 
Rink Polo Stick. 
Each, $i.oo 
No. AA. The Spald- 
ing Polo Stick 
made of finest 
second growth 
hickory, \\ound 
handle with 
grip. 
Each, 75c. 



No. A. '"League" Polo Stick, selected second growth 
hickory, handsomely finished Each 50c. 

No. B. "Standard" Polo Stick, selected second growth 
ash, nicely finished Each, 25c. 

No. C. "Junior" Polo Stick Each, loc. 

No. D. Boys' Polo Stick Each, 5c. 




V 



^ 



A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 



(U 



J 



New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 

Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal, Canada London, England Hamburg, Germany 




HIGHEST AWARDS 

rOR SPALDINC ATHLETIC GOODS 



GRAND PRIZE 

ST. LOUIS 
1904 




GRAND PRIX 

PARIS 
1900 




SPALDING INDOOR BASE BALLS 




We cover both the best grade indoor base balls, Nos. 1 and IX, with 

special oil tanned horsehide that players consider far superior to the 

ordinary horsehide both as to wearing qualities and otherwise. 

No. 1 . Spalding Official Indoor Base Ball, 17 inches circumference. 
Made in exact accordance with League regulations and adopted by the 
National Association of Indoor Base Ball Leagues. Guaranteed to 
last a game. ...... Each, $1 .00 

No. 1 X . Spalding National Guard Indoor Base Ball is made regularly in 
three sizes, 12, 14 and 15 inches circumference. It is wound fairly hard 
with wool yarn and makes an ideal ball for armory games. When order- 
ing be sure to specify size required. . . . Each, $1 .00 

No. 2. Sheepskin cover, otherwise same as No. 1. . " .75 

No. 3. Sheepskin cover, otherwise same as No. IX. " .75 



^ 



Specify size tvhen ordering. 



J 



^ 



A. G. SPALDINC & BROS. 



(L=. 



New York Chicago St. Louis Den\er San Francisco 
Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 
Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cmcmnati 
Montreal, Canada London, England J 




r 



HIGHEST AWAR.DS 

FOR SPALDING ATHLETIC GOODS 



GRAND PRIZE 

ST. LOUIS 
1904 



miimmiiiiimu 




GRAND PRIX 

PARIS 
1900 




^"^ 






^nmwwi^i m^^-^-^ 



^ 



SPALDING 



G 



INDOOR BASE BALL BATS 

No. 0. Spalding Regulation Indoor Bats. Made of selected second 
growth hickory in the best models. Handle wrapped with electric 
tape to prevent slipping. ..... Each, 50c. 

No. 2. Spalding Regulation Bat. Same as No. 0, except handle 
and end not wrapped. ..... Each, 40c. 

INDOOR BASES 

No. \. Indoor Canvas Bases, lO-oz. 

duck, unfilled. Per set of 3. $2.50 

No. 2. Indoor Canvas Bases, 8-oz. 

'^ duck, unfilled. Per set of 3. $2.00 

No. 3. Indoor Rubber Home Plate. . . . Each, 75c. 



-J 




K 



SPALDING CATCHERS' PROTECTOR 

No. 1 A. Well padded. Straps to go over shoulders and around 
waist Each, $2.00 

SPALDING KNEE PROTECTORS 

No. I. Heavily padded with sheepskin. Prevents bruised and dis- 
located knee caps. Per pair, 75c. 



J> 



-^ 



=DC= 



A. C. SPALDING &, BROS. 



(U 



New York Chicago St. Louis Denver San Francisco 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City New Orleans 

Buffalo Philadelphia Washington Pittsburg Syracuse Cincinnati 
Montreal, Canada London, England Hamburg. Germany 




DIRAND-STEEL 
LOCKERS 

Lockers That* Last* 

TV/OODEN lockers are objectionable 
because they attract vermin, re- 
tain odors and can be easily broken into, 
and are dangerous on account of fire. 
Lockers made from wire mesh or ex- 
panded metal afford little security, as 
they can be easily entered with wire 
cutters. Clothes placed in them become 
covered with dust ; and the lockers 
themselves present a poor appearance, 
resembling animal cages. 



Durand -Steel 
Lockers 

are made of 
high-grade steel 
plates, and are 
finished with 
gloss-black fur- 



"^ 



nace baked (400°) Japan, comparable to that 
used on hospital ware, which will never flake 
off nor require refinishing, as do paints and 
enamels. 

Durand-St^eel Lockers 

are usually built with doors perforated full 
length in panel design, with sides and backs 
solid. This prevents clothes in one locker from 
coming in contact with wet garments in adjoin- 
ing lockers, while plenty of ventilation is secured 
by having the door perforated its entire length, 
but if the purchaser prefers we perforate the 
backs also. 

Illustrated Catalogue 
sent on request. 



CHURCHiLl & SPALDING 



470 Carroll Avenue 



CHICAGO. ILL. 




V 



J 



Albert G. and J. Walter Spalding commenced business March 
1st, 1876, at Chicago, under the firm name A. G. Spalding & Bro. , 
with a capital of $800. Two years later their brother-in-law, 
William T. Brown, came into the business, and the firm name 
was then changed to A. G. Spalding & Bros. 

The business was founded on the Athletic reputation of Mr. 
A. G. Spalding, who acquired a national prominence in the realm 
of Sport, as Captain and Pitcher of the Forest City's of Rockford, 
111. (1865-70), the original Boston Base Ball Club (Champions of 
the United States, 1871-75), and the Chicago Ball Club (1876-77), 
first Champions of the National League. He was also one of the 
original organizers, and for many years a director, of the National 
League of America, the premier Base Ball organization of the 
world. Mr. Spalding has taken an important part in Base Ball 
affairs ever since it became the National Game of the United States 
at the close of the Civil War in 1865. The returning veterans of 
that War, who had played the game as a camp diversion, dis- 
seminated this new American field sport throughout the country, 
and thus gave it its national character. 

Base Ball Goods were the only articles of merchandise carried 
the first year, the total sales amounting to $11,000. Gradually 
implements and accessories of Athletic Sports were added, until 
the firm now manufacture the requisites for all kinds of Athletic 
Sports. Originally the firm contracted for their supplies from 
outside manufacturers, but finding it impossible, by this method, 
to keep the standard of quality up to their high ideals, they 
gradually commenced the manufacture of their own goods, and 
by the acquisition from time to time of various established 
factories located in different parts of the country, are now able 
to, and do manufacture in their own factories everything bearing 
the Spalding Trade-Mark, which stands the world over as a 
guarantee of the highest quality. 



There are over three thousand persons employed in various 
capacities in A. G, Spalding & Bros.' factories and stores located 
in all the leading cities of the United States, Canada and England. 
A capital of over $4,000,000 is employed in carrying on this busi- 
ness, and the annual sales exceed the total combined annual sales 
of all other manufacturers in the world making a similar line 
of goods. 

A. G. Spalding & Bros, have always taken a leading part in 
the introduction, encouragement and support of all new Sports 
and Games, and the prominence attained by Athletic Sports in 
the United States is in a very great measure due to the energy, 
enterprise and liberality of this progressive concern. They were 
the pioneers, and in fact the founders, of the Athletic Goods 
Trade in America, and are now universally recognized as the 
undisputed Leaders in the Athletic Goods line throughout the 
world. 

The late Marshall Field of Chicago, America's greatest Mer- 
chant, speaking of the business of A. G. Spalding & Bros., said: 
"I am familiar with its early career, growth and development, 
and when I compare its unpromising outlook and the special 
field for its operations that existed at its inception in 1876, with 
its present magnitude, I consider it one of the most remarkable 
mercantile successes of the world." 

The millions of Athletes using them, and the thousands of 
Dealers selling them, attest to the High Quality of Spalding's 
Athletic Goods, and they must determine the future history of 
this concern. 




Spalding's Athletic Library 

Giving the titles of all Spalding's Athletic 

Library Books i\ow in print, grouped 

for ready reference. 



SPALDING'S OFFICIAL ANNUALS 



No. I 
No. 2 
No. 2a 
No. 3 
No. 4 
No. 5 
No. 6 
No. 7 
No. 8 
No. 9 
No.fO 
No. 12 



Spalding 
Spalding 
Spalding' 
Spalding 
Spalding 
Spalding 
Spalding 
Spalding 
Spalding 
Spalding 
Spalding 
Spalding 



s Official Base Ball Guide 
's Official Foot Ball Guide 
s Official Association Foot Ball Guide 
's Official Cricket Guide 
's Official Lawn Tennis Annual 
's Official Golf Guide 
's Official Ice Hockey Guide 
's Official Basket Ball Guide 
's Official Bowling Guide 
's Official Indoor Base Ball Guide 
's Official Roller Polo Guide 
's Official Athletic Almanac 



Group I. Base Ball 

No. 1 Spalding's Official Base Ball 

Guide* 
No. 202 How to Play Base BalL 
No. 223 How to Bat. 
No. 232 How to Run Bases. 
No. 230 How to Pitch. 
No. 229 How to Catch. 
No. 225 How to Play First Base. 
No. 226 How to Play Second Base. 
No. 227 How to Play Third Base. 
No. 228 How to Play Shortstop. 
No. 224 How to Play the Outfield. 

How to Organize a Base Ball 
Club. [League. 

How to Organize a Base Ball 
No . How to Manage a Base Ball Club. 
231 ^ How to Train a Base Ball Team. 

How to Captain a Base Ball 

How to Umpire a Game. [Team. 

Technical Base Ball Terms, 
No. 219 Ready Reckoner of Base Ball 
Percentages. 



BASE BALL AUXILIARY 
No. 291 Minor League Base Ball Guide, t 



Foot Ball 

Foot Ball 



Group II. 

No. 2 Spalding's Official 

Guide. 

No. 284 How to Play Foot Ball. 
No. 2A Spalding's Official (Soccer) 
Association Foot Ball Guide. 
No. 286 How to Play Soccer. 

FOOT BALL AUXILIARY 

No. 283 Spalding's Official Canadian 

Foot Ball Guide. 

Group III. crichet 

No. 3 Spalding's Official Cricket 

Guide. t 
No. 277 Cricket and How to Play It. 

Group IV. Lawn Tennis 

No. 4 Spalding's Official Lawn Tennis 

Annual.t 
No. 157 How to Play Lawn Tennis. 
No. 279 Strokes and Science of Lawn 
Tennis. 

Group V. Golf 

No. 5 Spalding' s Official Golf Guide. i 
No. 276 How to Play Golf. 

Group VI. Hockey 

No. 6 Spalding's Official Ice Hockey 

Guidcf 
No. 154 Field Hockey. 
No. 188 Lawn Hockey. 
No. 180 Ring Hockey. 

HOCKEY AUXILIARY 

No. 256 Official Handbook Ontario 

Hockey Association. 



* Ready April 1. t Ready in January. I Ready May 1. 5 Ready in March. 



SPALDING'S ATHLETIC LIBRARY 



Group VII. 



Bashet Ball 



No. 7 Spalding's Official Basket, 

Ball Guide. 
No. 193 How to Play Basket Ball. 
No. 260 Basket Ball Guide for Women. 

BASKET BALL AUXILIARY 
No. 278 Official Collegiate Basket Ball 
Handbook. 

croup VIII. Bowling 

No. 8 Spalding's Official Boivling 
Guide. 

Croup IX. Indoor Base Ball 

Ho. d Spalding's Official Indoor 
Base Ball Guide. 

Croup X. Polo 

No. 10 Spalding's Official Roller 

Polo Guide. 
No. 129 Water Polo. 
No. 199 Equestrian Polo. 



XI. Miscellaneous Cames 

Lacrosse. 

Archery. 

Squash-Racquets. 

Croquet. 

Roque. 

Racquets. 

Hand Ball. 

Quoits. 

Push Ball. 

Curling-. 

Court Tennis. 

Lawn Bowls. 

Lawn Games. 

Children's Games. 



Croup 

No. 201 
No. 248 
No. 194 
No. 138 
No. 271 
No. 194 
No. 13 
No. 167 
No. 170 
No. 14 
No. 194 
No. 207 
No. 188 
No. 189 

croup XII. Athletics 

No. 12 Spalding's Official Athletic 
Almanac.f 

No. 27 College Athletics. 

No. 182 All Around Athletics. 

No. 156 Athletes' Guide. 

No. 87 Athletic Primer. 

No. 273 Olympic Games at Athens, 1906. 

No. 252 How to Sprint. 

No. 255 How to Run 100 Yards. 

No. 174 Distance and Cross Country 
Running. 

No. 259 How to Become a Weight 
Thrower. 

No. 55 Official Sporting Rules. 

No. 246 Athletic Training for School- 
boys. 
ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES 

No. 241 Amateur Athletic Union Offi- 
cial Handbook. 



ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES- Con. 

No. 217 Olympic Handbook (St. Louis). 

No. 292 Intercollegiate Official Hand- 
book. 

No. 245 Y. M. C. A. Official Handbook. 

No. 2^1 Public Schools Athletic League 
Official Handbook. 

No. 274 Intercollegiate Cross Country 
Association Handbook. 

croup XIII. 

Athletic Accomplishments 

No. 177 How to Swim. 

No. 128 How to Row. 

No. 209 How to Become a Skater. 

No. 178 How to Train for Bicycling. 

No. 23 Canoeing. 

No. 282 Roller Skating Guide. 



Croup 

No. 18 
No. 162 
No. 165 
No. 140 
No. 236 
No. 102 
No. 233 
No. 166 
No. 200 
No. 143 
No. 262 
No. 29 
No. 191 



XIV. Manly sports 

Fencing. (By Breck). 

Boxing. 

Fencing. (BySenac). 

Wrestling. 

How to Wrestle. 

Ground Tumbling. 

Jiu Jitsu. 

How to Swing Indian Clubs. 

Dumb Bell Exercises. 

Indian Clubs and Dumb Bells. 

Medicine Ball Exercises. 

Pulley Weight E.xercises. 

How to Punch the Bag. 



croup XV. 



Cymnastics 



No. 104 Grading of Gymnastic Exer- 
cises. 

No. 214 Graded Calisthenics and Dumb 
Bell Drills. 

No. 254 Barnjum Bar Bell Drill. 

No. 158 Indoor and Outdoor Gymnastic 
Games. 

No. 124 How to Become a Gymnast. 

Croup XVI. Physical Culture 

No. 161 Ten Minutes' Exercise for 

Busy Men. 
No. 208 Physical Education and Hy- 
giene. 
No. 149 Scientific Physical Training 

and Care of the Body. 
No. 142 Physical Training Simplified. 
No. 185 Hints on Health. 
No. 213 285 Health Answers. 
No. 238 Muscle Building. [ning- 

No. 234 School Tactics and Maze Run- 
No. 261 Tensing Exercises. 



t Ready in January. 



GROUP I.-BASE BALL 



NO. 1— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BASE 
BALL GUIDE. 

The Ifiuling Base Ball annual of 
the country, and the official authority 
of the .game. Edited by Henry Chad- 
Wick, the "Father of Base Ball." Con- 
tains the official playing rules, with an 
explanatory index of the rules compiled 
by Mr. A. G. Spalding; pictures of all 
the teams in the National, American 
and minor leagues: official averages; re- 
views of the season in all the profes- 
sional organizations; college Base Ball, 
and a great deal of interesting informa- 
tion. Price 10 cents. Ready April 1. 

NO. 202— HOW TO PLAY BASE BALL. 

I Edited by T. H. Murnane. New and 
revised edition. Contents: How to lie- 
come a batter, by Napoleon Lajoie, 
James Collins, Hugh Jennings and Jesse 
Tannehill; how to run the bases, by 
Jacli Doyle and Frank L. Chance; advice 
to base runners, by James E. Sullivan, 
President. A.A.D.; how to become a 
good pitcher, by Cy Young, "Rube" Wad- 
dell and Bert Cunningham; on curve 
pitching, by Cy Young. James J. Calla- 
_ ban, Frank Donahue, Vic Willis, William 
i-" Dineen and Charley Nichols; how to be- 
come a good catcher, by Eddie Phelps. 
William Sullivan and M. J. Kittridge; 
how to play first base, by Hugh Jen- 
nings; how to play second base; by 
Napoleon Lajoie and William Gleason; 
how to play third base, by James Col- 
lins and Lave Cross; how to play short- 
stop, by Heriian Long; how to play the 
Infleld, by Charles A. Comiskey; how to 
play the outfield, by Fred Clarke; the 
earmarks of a ball player, by John J. 
McGraw; good advice for players; how 
to organize a team; how to manage a 
team; how to score a game; how to 
umpire a game; base ball rules Inter- 
preted for boys. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 283— HOW TO BAT. 

The most important part of ball play- 
ing nowadays, outside of pitching, is 
batting. The team that can bat and 
has some good pitchers can win base ball 
games; therefore, every boy and young 
man who has, of course, already learned 
to catch, should turn his attention to 
this department of the game, and there 
Is no better way of becoming proficient 
than by reading this book and then con- 
stantly practising the little tricks ex- 
plained therein. Price 10 cents. 

MO. «82— HOW TO KTTN THE BASES. 

The importance of base running ai a 

•elentlflc feature of tbe national game !• 



becoming more and more recognized each 
year. Besides being spectacular, feats of 
base stealing nearly always figure in the 
winning of a game. Many a close contest 
Is decided on the winning of that little 
strip of 90 feet which lies between 
cushions. When hits are few and the 
enemy's pitchers steady. It becomes In- 
cumbent on tile opposing team to get 
around the bases in some manner. Ef- 
fective stealing not only Increases the ef- 
fectiveness of the team by advancing lt« 
runners without wasting hits, but It 
serves to materially disconcert the 
enemy and frequently has caused an 
entire opposing club to temporarily lose 
its poise and throw away the game. 
This book gives clear and concise direc- 
tions for excelling as a base runner; 
tells when to run and when not to do 
so; how and when to slide; team work 
on the bases; in fact, every point of the 
game Is thoroughly explained. Illua- 
trated with pictures of leading players. 
Price 10 cents. 



NO. 830— HOW TO PITCH. 

A new, up-to-date book. The object of 
this book is to aid the beginners who as- 
pire to become clever twirlers, and its 
contents are the practical teaching of 
men who have reached the top as pitch- 
ers, and who know how to impart a 
knowledge of their art. All the big 
leagues' pitchers are shown. Price 10 
cents. 



NO. 229— HOW TO CATCH. 

Undoubtedly the best book on catching 
that has yet been published. Every boy 
who has hopes of being a clever catcher 
should read how well-known players 
cover their position. Among the more 
noted ones who describe their methods 
of play in this book are Lou Criger of 
the Boston Americans and Johnnie Kllng 
of the Chicago Nationals. The numerous 
pictures compriae all the noted catchers 
In the big leagues. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 225— HOW TO PLAY FIRST BASE. 
No other position in a ball team has 
shown such a change for the better In 
recent years as first base. Modifications 
in line with the betterment of the sport 
In every department has been made at 
intervals, but in no other department 
have they been so radical. No boy who 
plays the initial sack can aCTord to over- 
look the points and bints contained in 
this book. Entirely new and up to date. 
Illustrated with full-page pictures of all 
the prominent first basemen. Price 10 
cent!. 



ATHLETIC 
LIBRARY 




ATHLETIC 
LIBRARY 



GROUP I.— BASE BALL— Continued 



NO. 226— HOW TO PLAY SECOND 
BASE. 
There are bo few men who can cover 
second base to perfection that their 
names can easily be called ofT by anyone 
who follows the game of base ball. 
Team owners who possess such players 
would not part with them for thousands 
of dollars. These men have been inter- 
viewed and their Ideas incorporated In 
this book for the especial benefit of boys 
who want to know the fine points of play 
at this point of the diamond. Illustrated 
with full-page pictures. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 227— HOW TO PLAY THIRD BASE. 

Third base is, in some respects, the 
most important of the Infield. No major 
league team has ever won a pennant 
without a great third baseman. Collins 
of the Boston Americans and Leach of 
Pittsburg are two of the greatest third 
basemen the game has ever seen, and 
their teams jwe much of the credit for 
pennants they have won to them. These 
men In this book describe Just how they 
play the position. Everything a player 
should know is clearly set forth and any 
boy will surely increase his chances of 
success by a careful reading of this 
book. Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 



NO, 228— HOW TO PLAY SHORTSTOP. 

Shortstop Is one of the hardest posi- 
tions on the Infield to fill, and quick 
thought and quick action are necessary 
for a plaver who expects to make good 
as a shortstop. The views of every well- 
known player who covers this position 
have been sought in compiling this book, 
and it Is offered as being the most com- 
plete book of its class ever produced. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 



NO. 224— HOW TO PLAY THE OUT- 
FIELD. 
Compiled especially for the young 
player who would become an expert. 
The best book on playing the outfield 
that has ever been published. There 
are just as many tricks to be learned, 
before a player can be a competent 
fielder, as thera are in any other posi- 
tion on a n-ne, and this book explains 
them all. Illustrated with numerous 
page pictures of leading outfielders. 
Price 10 cents. 



NO. 231— HOW TO COACH; HOW TO 
CAPTAIN A TEAM; HOW TO 
MANAGE A TEAM; HOW TO 
UMPIRE; HOW TO ORGANIZE A 
LEAGUE. 
A useful guide to all who are Inter- 
ested in the above subjects. Jimmy Col- 
lins writes on coaching; M. J. Kelly on 
captaining; Al Buckenberger on manag- 
ing; Frank Dwyer of the Anicrifan 
League staff, on umpiring; Fred Lake on 
minor leagues, and the editor, T. H. 
Murnane, President of the New England 
League, on how to organize a league. 
Price 10 cents. 



NO. 219— READY RECKONER OF BASE 
BALL PERCENTAGES. 
To supply a demand for a book which 
would show the percentage of clubs with- 
out recourse to the arduous work of fig- 
uring, the publishers have had these ta- 
bles compiled by an expert. No followm- 
of the game can afford to be without 
this book. Price 10 cents. 



BASE BALL AUXILIARY 



KO. 291— MINOR LEAGUE BASE BALL 
GUIDE. 

The minors' own guide. Contains pic- 
Inrei ot leading teams, ecbedules, re- 



port of annual meeting National Asso- 
ciation of Professional Base Ball 
Leagues, special articles and official rules. 
Edited by President T. H. Murnane, of 
the New England League. Price 10 
cents. (Ready May 1.) 



ATHLETIC 
LIBRARY 




GROUP M.- 

NO. 2— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL FOOT 
BALL GUIDE. 

Edited I)y Walter Camp. Contains the 
new rules, with diagram of field; All- 
America teams as selected by leading 
authorities; reviews of the game from 
various sections of the country; 1905 
scores of all the leading teams; pictures 
of hundreds of players. Price 10 cents. 



NO. 284— HOW TO PLAY FOOT BALL. 
Edited by Walter Camp. The con- 
tents embrace everything that a beginner 
wants to know and many points that an 
expert will be glad to learn. The pic- 
tures an? made from snapshots of leading 
teams and players in action, with com- 
ments by Walter Camp. Price 10 cents. 



FOOT BALL 



NO. 2a-SPALDING'S OFFICIAL ASSO- 
CIATION FOOT BALL GUIDE. 
A complete and up-to-date guide to the 
"Soccer" game in the United States, 
containing instructions for playing the 
game, official rules, and interesting news 
from all parts of the country. Illus- 
trated. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 286— HOW TO PLAY SOCCER. 

Owing to the great interest shown 
in "Soccer" foot ball in America, the 
publishers have had a hook compiled 
in England, the home of the sport, tell 
ing how each position should be played, 
written by the best player in England 
in his respective position, and illustrated 
with full-page photographs of players in 
action. As a text-book of the game 
this work is invaluable, and no "Soccer" 
player can afford to be without it. 
I'rice 10 cents. (Ready in December.) 



FOOT BALL AUXILIARY 



NO. 283— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL CANA- 
DIAN FOOT BALL GUIDE. 
Edited by Frank D. Woodworth, Sec- 



retary-Treasurer Ontario Rugby Foot Ball 
I'nion. The official book of the game 
in Canada. Price 10 cents. 



GROUP m.— CRICKET 



NO. 3 — SPALDING'S OFFICIAL 
CRICKET GUIDE. 

Edited by Jerome Flannery. The most 
complete year book of the game that 
has ever been published In America. Re- 
ports of special matches, oflicial rules 
and pictures of all the leading teams 
and individual players. Price 10 cents. 
(Ready in May.) 



NO. 277— CRICKET; AND HOW TO 
PLAY IT. 
By Prince Ranjitsinhji, the foremost 
cricketer of Great Britain. Every de- 
partment of the game is described con- 
cisely and illustrated with full-page pic- 
tures posed especially for this book. The 
l>ook is acknowledged by competent 
authorities to be the best book of in- 
struction on the game ever published. 
I'rice 10 cents. (Ready in January.) 



GROUP IV.— LAWN TENNIS 



NO. 4— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL LAWN 
TENNIS ANNTTAI,. 
Edited by H. P. Burchell, of the New 
York Times. Contents include a report of 
every important tournament played in 
1006, embracing the National Champion- 
ship, sectional and State tournaments; 
Invitation and open tournaments; inter- 
collegiate and interscholastic champion- 
ships; women's national championships; 
foreign championships; indoor champion- 
ships; official ranking for each year from 
1885 to 1906; laws of lawn tennis; in- 
structions for handicapping; decisions on 
doubtful points; regulations for the man- 
agement of tournanftnts; directory of 
Clubs; directions for laying out and 
keeping a court; tournament notes. Il- 
lustrated with pictures of leading play- 
•rs. fricc IC centt. (Ready in May.) 



NO. 157— HOW TO PLAY TENNIS. 

A complete description of lawn tennis; 
a lesson for beginners and directions tell- 
ing how to make the most important 
strokes; styles and skill of the experts; 
the American twist service; how to build 
and keep a court. Illustrated from 
photographs of leading players in ac- 
tion. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 279— STROKES AND SCIENCE OF 

LAWN TENNIS, 
By P. A. Vaile. a leading authority 
on the game in Great Britain. Every 
stroke in the game is accurately illus- 
trated and analyzed by the author. 
.\cknowledged by experts to be the most 
complete book of instruction on the game 
ever published. As a means of affording 
a comparison between the American and 
the English methods of play, this book 
1« extremely useful. Price 10 cents. 



GROUP v.— GOLF 



NO. 5— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL GOLF 
GUIDE. 

The leading annual of the game in 
the United States. Contains records of 
all important tournaments, articles on 
the game in various sections of the 
country, pictures of prominent players, 
official playing rules, and interesting 
official playing rules and general 
items of interest. Price 10 cents* 
(Ready in March.) 

NO. 276— HOW TO PLAY GOLF. 

By .Tames Braid, the English Open 
riiiimpion of 1906. A glance at the 
chapter headings will give an idea of 



the variety and value of the contents: Be- 
ginners' wrong ideas; method of tuition; 
choosing the clubs; how to grip the club; 
stance and address in driving; the up- 
ward swing in driving; the top of ihe 
swing; the downward swing; finishing 
the stroke; the long ball; pulling and 
slicing; playing in a wind; brassey play; 
play with iron clubs; cleek shots; the 
iron; the running-up shot; the mashie; 
the niblick; putting; playing the round. 
Numerous full page pictures of Chajn- 
pion Braid in action add to the attrac- 
tiveness of the book. The other con- 
tents include the official rules and other 
subjects of interest to golfers. Price 10 
cents. 



GROUP VI.— HOCKEY 



NO. 6— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL ICE 
HOCKEY GUIDE. 

Written by the most famous player in 
Canada, A. Farrell, of the Shamrock 
hockey team of Montreal. It contains a 
complete description of hockey, its 
origin, points of a good player, and an 
instructive article on how game Is 
played, with diagrams and official rules. 
Illustrated with pictures of leading 
teams. Price 10 cents. (Ready in Janu- 
ary.) 

NO. 154— FIELD HOCKEY. 

To those in med of vigorous and 
healthful out-of-doors exercise, this 
game is recommended highly. Its 
healthful attributes are manifold and 
the interest of player and spectator alike 



is kept act've throughout the progress 
of the game. The game is prominent in 
the sports at Vassar, Smith, Wellesley, 
Bryn Mawr and other leading colleges. 
Price 10 cents. 

NO. 188— LAWN HOCKEY, GARDEN 
HOCKEY, PARLOR HOCKEY. 

Containing the rules for each game. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 180— RING HOCKEY. 

A new game for the g.vmnasium, in- 
vented by Dr. J. M. Vorhees of Pratt 
Institute, Brooklyn, that has sprung into 
instant popularity; as exciting as basket 
ball. This book contains official rules. 
fPrice 10 cents. 



HOCKEY AUXILIARY 



NO. i«6<j— OFFICIAL HANDBOOK OF 
THE ONTARIO HOCKEY ASSOCI- 
ATION. 
Edited by W. A. Hewitt, of Toronto. 



Contains the official rules of the Associ- 
ation, constitution, rules of competition, 
list of officers, and pictures of leading 
players. Price 10 cents. 



GROUP Vn.— BASKET BALL 



NO. 7— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BAS- 
KET BALL GUIDE. 

EiUtod by George T. Hepbron. Con- 
tains the revised official rules, decisions 
on disputed points, records of prominent 
teams, reports on the game from various 
parts of the country, and pictures of 
hundreds of players. Price, 10 cents. 

NO. 193— HOW TO PLAY BASKET 
BALL. 
By <-i. T. Hepbrou, editor of the Of- 



ficial Basket Ball Guide. Contains full 
instructions for players, both for the ex- 
pert and the novice, duties of officials, 
and specially posed full-page pictures 
showing the correct and incorrect methods 
of playing. The demand for a book of 
this character is fully satisfied in this 
publication, as many points are included 
whii'h could not l)e incorporated in the 
ann\ial publication of the Basket Ball 
Guide for want of room. Price 10 cent*. 



GROUP VII.-BASKET BALL-Continued 



NO. 260— OFFICIAL BASKET BALL 
GUIDE FOR WOMEN. 

Edited by Miss .Senda Berenson, of 
Smith College. Contains the otlicial 
playing rules of the game and special 
articles on the following sulijects: 
Games for women, by E. Hitchcock, Di- 
rector of Physical Training, and Dean 
of College, Amherst College ; condition 
of women's basket ball in the Middle 
West, by W. P. Bowen, Michigan State 
Normal College; a few suggestions about 
the actual playing of basket ball, by 
Agnes C. Childs, A. M., Smith College; 
psychological effects of basket ball for 



women, by Dr. L. H. Gulick, superin- 
tendent of physical training in the 
schools of Greater New York; physi- 
ological effects of basket ball, by 
Theodore Hough, Ph. D. ; significance of 
basket ball for women, by Senda Beren- 
son; relative merit of the Y. M. C. A. 
rules and women's rules, by Augusta 
Lane Patrick, director of physical train- 
ing, Montclair (N. J.) High School; A 
Plea for Basket Ball, by Julie Ellsbee 
Sullivan, Teachirs' College, New Y'ork; 
diagram of field. Illustrated with many 
pictures of basket ball teams, Price 10 
cents. 



BASKET BALL AUXILIARY 



NO. 278— COLLEGIATE BASKET BALL 
GUIDE. 

The otlicial publication of the new 
Collegiate Basket Ball organization. 
Contains the official rules, collegiate and 
high school records, All America selec- 



tions, reviews of the collegiate basket 
Iiall season of 1905-6, and pictures of 
all the prominent college teams and in- 
dividual players. Edited by Harry A. 
Fisher, of Columbia. Price 10 cents. 



GROUP Vin.— BOWLING 



NO. 8— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL BOWL- 
ING GUIDE. 

Edited by S. Karpf, Secretary of the 
American Bowling Congress. The contents 
include: History of the sport; diagrams 
of effective deliveries; how to bowl; a 
few hints to beginners; American Bowl- 
ing Congress; the national champion- 
how to build an alley; how to 



score; spares — how they are made. Rules 
for cocked hat, cocked hat and feather, 
quintet, battle game, nine up and nine 
down, head pin and four back, ten pins 
- — head piu out. five back, the Newport 
game, ten pin head, pin game, duckpin 
game, head pin game, New England 
candle pin game. Illustrated with por- 
traits of all the prominent bowlers. 
Price 10 cents. 



GROUP IX.INDOOR BASE BALL 



NO. 9— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL IN- 
DOOR BASE BALL GUIDE. 

America's national game is now vicing 
with other indoor games as a winter 
pastime. This book contains the play- 



ing rules, pictures of leading teams 
from all parts of the country, and in- 
teresting articles on the game by lead- 
ing authorities on the subject. Price 
10 cents. 



GROUP X.— POLO 



NO. 10— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL ROL- 
LER POLO GUIDE. 
Edited by J. C. Morse. A full descrip- 
tloQ of the game; ofiicial rules; records. 
The revival of the popular pastime of 
roller skating has led the publishers to 
include in this book complete directions 
for fancy skating, rink rules, etc. 
Price 10 cents. 

NO. 129— 'WATER POLO. 

The contents of this book treat of 



every detail, the individual work of the 
players, the practice of the teani, how 
to throw the ball, with illustrations and 
many valuable hints. Price 10 cents. 



NO. 199— EQUESTRIAN POLO. 

Compiled by H. L. I-^itzPatrick of the 
New York Sun. Illustrated with por- 
traits of leading players and contains 
most useful information for polo players. 
Price 10 cents. 




ATHLETIC 
LIBRARY 



GROUP XL— MISCELLANEOUS GAMES 



NO. 201— LACROSSE 

By W'illiuiu G. Scbmeisser, captain 
Johns Hopkins University champion 
intercollogiate lacrosse team of 1902; 
edited by Ronald T. Aberci'ombie, ex- 
captain and coach of Johns Hopkins Uni- 
versity lacrosse team. 1900-1904. Every 
position is thoroughly explained in a 
most simple and concise manner, render- 
ing it the best manual of the game ever 
published. Illustrated with numerous 
snapshots of important plays. Price 10 cts. 

NO. 248— ARCHERY. 

A new and up-to-date book on this fas- 
cinating pastime. Edited by Mr. Louis 
Maxson of Washington, D. C, ex-Na- 
tional champion. Contains a history of 
archery from its revival as a pastime 
in the eighteenth century to the present 
time, with list of winners and scores of 
the English Grand championships from 
1844; National Archery Association of 
the United States winners and scores; 
the several varieties of archery; instruc- 
tions for shooting; how to select imple- 
ments; how to score; and a great deal of 
interesting information on the game. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 138— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL CRO- 
QUET GUIDE. 
Contains directions for playing, dia- 
grams of important strokes, description 
of grounds, instructions for the begin- 
ner, terms used In the game, and the 
official playing rules. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 271— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL 
ROQUE GUIDE. 
The official publication of the National 
Roque Association of America. Edited 
by Prof. Charles Jacobus, ex-champion. 
Contains a description of the courts and 
r.heir construction, diagrams of the field, 
illustrations, rules and valuable infor- 
mation. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 194 — RACQUETS, SQUASH- 
RACQUETS AND COURT TENNIS. 
The need of an authoritative handbooI< 
at a popular price on these games is 
filled by this book. How to play each 
game is thoroughly explained, and all 
the difficult strokes shown by special 
photographs taken especially for this 
book. Contains the official rules for 
each game, with photographs of well- 
known courts. Price 10 cents. 



NO. 13— HOW TO PLAY HAND BALL. 
By the world's champion, Michael 
Egan, of Jersey City. This book has been 
rewritten and brought up to date in 
every particular. Every play is thor- 
oughly explained by text and diagram. 
The numerous illustrations consist of 
full pages made from photographs of 
Champion Egan, sho-ving him in all his 
characteristic attitudes. Price 10 cents. 



NO. 167— QUOITS. 

By M. W. Deshong. The need of a 
book on this interesting game has been 
felt by many who wished to know the 
fine points and tricks used by the ex- 
perts. Mr. Deshong explains them, with 
illustrations, so that a novice can readily 
understand. Price 10 cents. 



NO. 170— PUSH BALL. 

Played with an air-inflated ball 6 
feet in diameter, weighing about 50 
pounds. A side consists of eleven men. 
This book contains the official rules and 
a sketch of the game; illustrated. Price 
10 cents. 



NO. 14— CURLIITO. 

A sbcirt history of this famous Scottish 
pastimi', with iiist ructions for play, rules 
of the game, dotiuitions of terms and dia- 
grams of dififereut shots. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 207 — BO"WLING ON THE GREEN; 
OR, LAWN BOWLS. 
How to construct a green; necessary 
equipment; how to play the game, and 
the official rules as promulgated by the 
Scottish Bowling Association. Edited 
by Mr. James W. Greig. Illustrated. 
Price, 10 cents. 

NO. 188— LAWN GAMES. 

Contains tlie ruli^s f(ir Lawn Hockey, 
Garden Hockey, Hand Tennis, Tether 
Tennis: also Volley Ball, Parlor Hockey, 
Badminton, Basket Goal. Price, 10 cts. 

NO. 189— CHILDREN'S GAMES. 

Compiled by Jessie H. Bancroft, direc- 
tor of physical training, department of 
education. New York City. These games 
are intended for use at recesses, and all 
but the team games have been adapted 
to large classes. Suitable for children 
from three to eight years, and include 
a great variety. Price 10 cent?. 



GROUP XH.-ATHLETICS 



NO. 12— SPALDING'S OFFICIAL ATH- 
LETIC ALMANAC. 
Compiled liy J. E. Sullivan, Chief De- 
partment Physical Culture, Louisiana 
Purchase Exposition, Director Olympic 
Games, 1904, Special Commissioner from 
the United States to the Olympic Games 
at Athens, 1906, and President of the 
Amateur Athletic Union. The only an- 
nual pulilication now issued that contains 
a complete list of amateur best-on- 
records; complete Intercollegiate records; 
complete English records from 1866; swim- 
ming records; interscholastic records; 
Irish, Scotch and Australasian records; 
reports of leading athletic meets; skat- 
ing records; important athletic events 
and numerous photos of individual ath- 
letes and leading athletic teams. Price, 
10 cents. (Ready in January.) 

NO. 27— COLLEGE ATHLETICS. 

M. C. iMurphy, the well-knnwn athletic 
trainer, now with Pennsylvania, the 
author of this book, has written it espe- 
cially for the schoolboy and college man, 
but it is invaluable for the athlete who 
wishes to e.xcel in any branch of athletic 
sport. The sulijects comprise the follow- 
ing articles; Training, starting, sprint- 
ing; how to train for the quarter, half, 
mile and longer distances; walking; high 
and broad jumping; hurdling; pole vault- 
ing; throwing the hammer. It is pro- 
fusely illustrated with pictures of lead- 
ing athletes. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 182— ALL-AROUND ATHLETICS. 

Cives in full tlie method of scoring the 
Ail-Around Championship, giving percen- 
tage tables showing what each man re- 
ceives for each performanee in each of 
the ten events. It contains as well in- 
Btructive articles on how to train for the 
All-Around Championship. Illustrated 
with many pictures of champions in ac- 
tion and scores at all-around meets. 
Price, 10 cents. 

NO 156— THE ATHLETE'S GUIDE, 

How to become an athlete. It contains 
full instructions for the beginner, telling 
how to sprint, hurdle, jump and throw 
weights, general hints on training; in 
fact, this book is one of the most com- 
plete on the subject that has ever ap- 
peared. Special chapters contain valu- 
able advice to beginners and important 
A. A. U. rules and their explanations, 
while the pictures comprise many scenes 
ol champions In action. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 87— ATHLETIC PRIMER. 

Edited by James E. Sullivan, Presi- 
dent of the Amateur Athletic Union. 
Tells how to organize an athletic 
club, how to conduct an athletic meeting, 
and gives rules for the government of 



athletic meetings; contents also include 
directions for Iniilding a track and laying 
out athletic grounds, and a very instruc- 
tive article on training; fully illustrated 
with pictures of leading athletes in ac- 
tion. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 273— THE OLYMPIC GAMES AT 
ATHENS, 1906. 
A complete account of the Olympic 
Games of I'JOO, at Athens, the greatest 
International Athletic Contest ever held. 
Containing a short history of the games, 
story of the American team's trip and 
their reception at Athens, complete list 
of starters in every event; winners, 
their times and distances; the Stadium; 
list of winners in previous Olympic 
Games at Athens, Paris and St. Louis, 
and a great deal of other interesting 
information. Compiled by J. E. Sulli- 
van, Special Commissioner from the 
United States to the Olympic Games. 
Illustrated with numerous pictures of 
scenes at the games and leading offi- 
cials, taken especially for this book. 
Price, 10 cents. 

NO. 252— HO"W TO SPRINT, 

A complete and detailed account of 
how to train for the short distances. 
Every athlete who aspires to be a 
si)rinter can study this book to advan- 
tage and gain a great deal of useful 
knowledge. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 255— HO'W TO RUN 100 YARDS. 

By J. W Morton, the noted British 
champion. Written by Mr. Morton 
during his recent American trip, In 19u5, 
especially for boys. Mr. Morton knows 
how to handle his subject, and his ad- 
vice and directions for attaining speed, 
will undoubtedly be of immense assist- 
ance to the great majority of boys who 
have to rely on printed instructions. 
Many of Mr. Morton's methods of train- 
ing are novel to American athletes, but 
his success is the best tribute to their 
worth. Illustrated with photographs of 
Mr. Morton in action, taken especially 
for tliis hook in New York City. Price 
10 C€nts. 

NO. 174— DISTANCE AND CROSS- 
COUNTRY RUNNING. 

By (Jeorge Ortnn, the famous Univer- 
sity of Pennsylvania runner. Tells how 
to become proticient at the quarter, half, 
mile, the longer distances, and cross- 
country running and steeplechasing, with 
instructions for training and schedules 
to be observed when preparing for a 
contest. Illustrated with numerous pic- 
tures of leading athletes in action, with 
comments by the editor on the good and 
bad points shown. Price 10 cents. 



GROUP XIL-ATHLETICS-Continued 



NO. 246— ATHLETIC TRAINING FOE 
SCHOOLBOYS. 

This book Is the most complete work 
of its kind yet attempted. The compiler 
is Geo. W. Orton, of the University of 
Pennsylvania, a famous athlete himself 
and who is well qualified to give in- 
structions to the beginner. Each event 
in the intercollegiate programme is 
treated of separately, both as regards 
method of training and form. By fol- 
lowing the directions given, the young 
athlete will be sure to benefit himself 
without the danger of overworking as 
many have done through ignorance, ren- 
dering themselves unfitted for their task 
when the day of competition arrived. 
Price 10 cents. 

NO. 259— WEIGHT THROWING. 

By James S. Mitchel, Champion Amer- 
ican weight thrower, and holder of 



American, Irish, British and Canadian 
championships. Probably no other maw 
in the world has had the varied and long 
experience of James S. Mitchel in the 
weight throwing department of athletics. 
The book is written in an instructive 
way, and gives valuable information, 
not only for the novice, but for the ex- 
pert as well. It is replete with lifelike 
illustrations of Champion John Flanagan 
throwing the hammer, Dennis Horgan, 
British and Irish champion shot putter, 
and others. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 65— OFFICIAL SPORTING RULES. 

Contains niles not fuiuul in other pub- 
lications for the govornnicnt of many 
simrts: rules for wrestling, shuflleboard, 
snowshoeing, professional racing, pigeon 
Hying, dog racing, pistol and revolver 
.shooting, British water polo rules. Price 
10 cents. 



ATHLETIC AUXILIARIES 



NO. 241— OFFICIAL HANDBOOK OF 
THE A.A.U. 
The A.A.U. is the governing body of 
athletes in the United States of America, 
and all games must be held under Its 
rules, which are exclusively published in 
this handbook, and a copy should be in 
the hands of every athlete and every 
club officer in America. This book con- 
tains the official rules for running, jump- 
ing, weight throwing, hurdling, pole 
vaulting, swimming, boxing, wrestling, 
etc. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 217— OLYMPIC HANDBOOK. «• 

Compiled by .1. E. Sullivan, Chief De- 
partment Physical Culture, Louistana 
Purchase Exposition, and Director Olym- 
pic Games, 1904. Contains a complete 
report of the Olympic Games of 19W, 
with list of records and pictures of hun- 
dreds of athletes; also reports of the 
games of 1896 and 1900. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 269 — OFFICIAL INTERCOL- 
LEGIATE A.A.A. HANDBOOK. 

Contains constitution, by-laws, laws 
of athletics and rules to govern the 
awarding of the championship cup of the 
Intercollegiate Athletic Association of 
Amateur Athletes of America, the gov- 
erning body in college athletics. Con- 
tains official intercollegiate records from 
1870 to date, with the winner's nami> 
and time in each event, list of points 
won by each college, and list of officers 
of the association from 1880. Price, 
10 cents. 



NO. 245— OFFICIAL Y.M.C.A. HAND- 
BOOK. 

Edited by G. T. Hepbron, the well- 
known athletic authority. It contains 
the official rules governing all sports 
under the jurisdiction of the Y.M.C.A., 
a complete report of the physical direc- 
tors' conference, official Y.M.C.A. scor- 
ing tables, Dentathlon rules, many pic- 
tures of the" leading Y.M.C.A. athletes 
of the counti-y, official Y.M.C.A. athletic 
rules, constitution and by-laws of the 
Athletic League of Y.M.C.A., all-around 
Indoor test, volley ball rules; illustrated. 
Price 10 cents. 



HO. 281— OFFICIAL HANDBOOK OF 
THE PUBLIC SCHOOLS ATHLETIC 
LEAGUE. 

This is the official handbook of the 
Public Schools Athletic League, which 
embraces all the public schools of Greater 
New York. It contains the official rules 
that govern all the contests of the 
league, and constitution, by-laws and 
officers. Edited by Dr. Luther Halsey 
Gulick. suricrintendent of physical edu- 
cation in the New York public schools. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 274— INTERCOLLEGIATE CROSS 
COUNTRY HANDBOOK. 
Contains constitution and by-laws, list 
of officers, and records of the associa- 
tion. Price, 10 cents. 



GROUP XIII.— ATHLETIC ACCOMPLISHMENTS 



NO. 177— HOW TO SWIM. 

By J. H. Sterrett, the leading author- 
ity on swimming In America. The in- 
structions will Interest the expert as 
well as the novice: the Illustrations were 
made from photographs especially posed, 
showing the swimmer in clear water; a 
valuable feature is the series of "land 
drill" exercises for the beginner, which 
Is illustrated by many drawings. The 
contents comprise: A plea for education 
in swimming; swimming as an exercise 
and for development: land drill exer- 
cises: plain swimming; best methods of 
learning; the breast stroke; breathing; 
under-arm side stroke; scientific strokes 
— over-arm side stroke; double over-arm 
or "trudgeon" stroke; touching and 
turning; training for racing; ornamental 
swimming; floating; diving; running 
header; back dive; diving feet foremost; 
the propeller; marching on the water; 
swimming on the back. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 128— HOW TO ROW. 

By E. J. (liuniiini, of the New York 
A. C, one of America's most famous 
amateur oarsmen and champions. This 
book will instruct any one who is a 
lover of rowing how to become an ex- 
pert. It is fully Illustrated, showing how 
to hold the oars, the finish of the stroke 
and other information that will prove 
valuable to the beginner. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 23— CANOEING. 

Paddling, sailing, cruising and racing 
canoes and their uses; with hints on rig 



and management: the choice of a canoe; 
sailing canoes: racing regulations; canoe- 
ing and camping. Jfully illustrated. 
Price 10 cents. 

NO. 209— HOW TO BECOME A 
SKATER. 
Contains advice for beginners; how to 
become a figure skater thoroughly ex- 
plained, with many diagrams showing 
how to do all the different tricks of the 
best figure skaters, including the Mo- 
hawk, with all its variations: Q's, for- 
ward and backward, inside and outside; 
the crosscuts, including the diflicult 
Swedish style; inside and outside spins; 
the grapevine, with its numerous branch- 
es, and many other styles, which will 
be comparatively simple to any one who 
follows the directions given. Profusely 
illustrated with pictures of prominent 
skaters and numerous diagrams. Price 
10 cents. 

NO. 282— ROLLER SKATING GUIDE. 

Contains directions for becoming pro- 
ficient as a fancy and trick roller skater. 
Pictures of prominent trick skaters In 
action. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 178— HOW TO TRAIN FOR 
BICYCLING. 

Gives mt'thods of the best riders when 
training for long or short distance races; 
hints on training. Revised and up-to- 
date in every particular. Price 10 cents. 



GROUP XIV.— MANLY SPORTS 



NO. 18— FENCING. 

By Dr. Edward Breck, of Boston, edi- 
tor of the Swordsman, and a prominent 
amateur fencer. A l)ook that has stood 
the test of time, and is universally 
acknowledged to be a standard work. 
Illustrated. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 162— BOXING GUIDE. 

For many years books have been issued 
on the art of boxing, but it has remained 
for us to arrange a book that we think is 
sure to fill all demands. It contains 
over 70 pages of illustrations showing all 
the latest blows, posed especially for this 
book under the supervision of a well- 
known instructor of boxing, who makes 
a specialty of teaching and knows how 
to impart his knowledge. They are so 
arranged that anyone can easily become 
proficient. A partial list of the" contents 
include: The correct position; clenching 
the fist; gauging distance; the first prin- 
ciples of hitting; the elements of de- 
fence; feinting; knockout blows; chin 



puncli ; the lilow under the ear; the fam- 
ous solar plexus knockout; the heart 
blow; famous blows and their origina- 
tors: Fitzsimmons' contribution; the Mc- 
Coy corkscrew; the kidney punch; the 
liver punch; the science of boxing: proper 
position of hand and arm; left hook 
to face; hook to the jaw; how to deliver 
the solar plexus; correct delivery of a 
right uppercut; blocking a right swing 
and sending a right uppercut to chin; 
lilocking a lelt swing and sending a left 
uppercut to chin, etc., etc.; hints on 
training, diet and lirrathing; how to 
train; rules for boxing. Price 111 cents. 

NO. 165— THE ART OF FENCING. 

This is a new book by Regis and Louis 
Senac, of New York, famous instructors 
and leading authorities on the subject. 
Messrs. .Senac give in detail how every 
move should be made, and tell it so 
clearly that anyone can follow the in- 
structions. It is Illustrated with sixty 
full page pictures, posed especially for 
this book. Price 10 cents. 



CROUP XIV. MANLY SPORTS— Continued 



NO. 140— WRESTLING. 

Catth as eatoh can style. By E. H. 
Hitchf<)Ck-, M.D., of Cornell, and R. F. 
Kelligan, of Amlierst College. The book 
contains nearly seventy illustrations of 
the different holds, photographed espe- 
cially and so described that anybody 
who desires to become expert in wrest- 
ling can with little effort learu every 
one. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 236— HOW TO WRESTLE. 

Without question the most complete 
and up-to-date book on wrestling that 
has ever been printed. Edited by F. R. 
Toombs, and devoted principally to 
special poses and illustrations by 
Georges Hackenschmidt, the "Russian 
Lion." It shows the champion In many 
poses, and also contains a special article 
on "Training," in which he gives good 
advice to beginners. The book also con- 
tains in addition many full pages of 
poses by Tom Jenkins and other famous 
wrestlers. Besides showing accurately 
how to secure each hold and fall, the 
book also contains official rules for all 
styles of wrestling. Be sure to ask for 
the Spalding Athletic Library book "How 
to Wrestle." Price 10 cents. 

NO. 102— GROUND TUMBLING. 

By Prof. Henry Walter Worth, who 
was for years physical director of the 
Armour Institute of Technology. Any 
boy, by reading this book and following 
the instructions, can become a proficient 
tumbler. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 233— JIU JITSU. 

A complete description of this famous 
Japanese system of self-defence. Each 
move thoroughly explained and illus- 
trated with numerous full-page pictures 
of Messrs. A. Minaml and K. Koyama. 
two of the most famous exponents of 
the art of Jiu Jitsu, who posed espe- 
cially for this liook. Be sure and ask 
for the Spalding Athletic Library book 
on Jiu Jitsu. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 166— HOW TO SWING INDIAN 
CLUBS. 
By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well- 
known exponent of physical culture. By 
following the directions carefully anyone 
can become an expert. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 200— DUMB-BELLS. 

This is undoubtedly the best work on 
dumb-bells that has ever been offered. 
The author, Mr. G. Bojns, was formerly 
superintendent of physical culture in the 
Elizabeth (N. J.) public schools, in- 



structor at Coliimliia University (New 
York), instructor for four years at the 
Columbia summer school and is now pro- 
prietor of the Park Place Gymnasium, 
at 14 Park Place, New York City. The 
book contains 200 photographs of all the 
various exercises with the instructions in 
large, readable type. It should lie in the 
hands of every teacher and pupil of 
physical culture, and is invaluabb' for 
home exercise as well. Price 10 cents. 



NO. 143— INDIAN CLUBS AND DUMB- 
BELLS. 
Two of the most popular forms of home 
or gymnasium exercise. This book is 
written by America's amatetir champion 
dull swinger. J. H. Dougherty. It is 
clearly illustrated, by which any novice 
can become an expert. Price 10 cents. 



NO. 262— MEDICINE BALL. 

This book is not a technical treatise, 
but a series of plain and practical exer- 
cises with the medicine ball, suitable for 
boys and girls, business and professional 
men, in and out of gymnasium. Lengthy 
explanation and technical nomenclature 
have been avoided and illustrations used 
Instead. The exercises are fascinating 
and attractive, and avoid any semblance 
of drudgery. Edited by W. J. Cromle, 
physical director Germantown (Pa.) 
Y.M.C.A. Price 10 cents. 



NO. 29-PULLEY WEIGHT EXERCISES 

By Dr. Henry S. .Vnderson, instructor 
in lieavy gymnastics I'ale gymnasium, 
Anderson Normal School, Chautaufpia 
tiniversity. In conjunction with a chest 
machine anyone with this book can. be- 
come perfectly developed. Price 10 cents. 



NO. 191- HOW TO PUNCH THE BAG. 
By W. H. Rothwell ("Young Cor- 
bett"). This book is undoubtedly the 
best treatise on bag punching that has 
ever been printed. Every variety of 
blow used in training is shown and ex- 
plained. The pictures comprise thirty- 
three full page reproductions of Y'oung 
Corbett as he appears while at work in 
his training quarters. The photographs 
were taken liy our special artist and 
cannot be seen in any other putilication. 
Fancy nag punching is treated by a 
well-known theatrical bag puncher, who 
shows the latest tricks. Price 10 cents. 



GROUP XV.— GYMNASTICS 



NO. 104— THE GRADING OF GYMNAS- 
TIC EXERCISES. 
By G. M. Martin, Physical Director 
of the Y. M. C. A. of Youngstown, Ohio. 
It is a bool£ that should be in the hands 
of every physical director of the Y. M. 
C. A., school, club, college, etc. The 
contents comprise: The place of the class 
in physical training; grading of exer- 
cises and season schedules — grading of 
men, grading of exercises, season sched- 
ules for various classes, elementary and 
advanced classes, leaders, optional exer- 
cises. Nearly 200 pages. Price 10 cents. 

NO, 214— GRADED CALISTHENICS 
AND DUMB-BELL DRILLS. 
By Albert B. Wegener, Physical Di- 
rector Y. M. C. A., Rochester, N. Y. 
Ever since graded apparatus worli has 
been used in gymnastics, the necessity 
of having a mass drill that would har- 
monize with it has been felt. For 
years it has been the established custom 
in most gymnasiums of memorizing a 
set drill, never varied from one year's 
end to the other. Consequently the be- 
ginner was given the same kind and 
amount as the older member. With a 
view to giving uniformity the present 
treatise is" attempted. Price 10 cents. 



NO. 254^BARNJUM BAR BELL DRILL. 

Edited by Dr. R. Tait McKenzie, Di- 
rector Physical Training, University of 
Pennsylvania. Profusely illustrated. 
Price 10 cents. 



NO. 158— INDOOR AND OUTDOOR 
GYMNASTIC GAMES. 

Without cpiestion one of the best 
books of it.s kind ever published. Com- 
piled by Prof. A. M. Chesley, the well- 
known Y. M. C. A. physical director. 
It is a book that will prove valuable to 
indoor and outdoor gymnasiums, schools, 
outings and gatherings where there are 
a number to be amused. The games de- 
scribed comprise a list of 320, divided 
into several groups. Price lu cents. 



NO. 124— HOW TO BECOME A GYMNAST 
By Robert .Stoll. of the New York 
A. C, the American champion on the 
Hying rings from 1885 to 1892. Any boy 
who fre(|uents a gymuasium can easily 
follow the illustrations and instructions 
in this book and with a little practice 
become proficient on the horizontal and 
parallel bars, the trapeze or the "horse." 
Price 10 cents. 



GROUP XVI.— PHYSICAL CULTURE 



NO. 161— TEN MINUTES' EXERCISE 
FOR BUSY MEN. 
By Dr. Luther Ilalsey Gulick, Director 
of Physical Training in the New York 
public schools. Anyone who is looking 
for a concise and complete course of 
physical education at home would do 
well to procure a copy of this book. Ten 
minutes' work as directed is exercise 
anyone can follow. It already has had a 
large sale and has been highly recom- 
mended by all who have followed its in- 
structions". Price 10 cents. « 



NO. 208— PHYSICAL EDUCATION AND 
HYGIENE. 

This is the fifth of the Physical Train- 
ing series, by Prof. E. B. Warman (see 
Nos. 142, 149, 166, 185, 213. 261). A glance 
at the contents will show the variety 
of subjects: Chapter I — Basic principles; 
longevity. Chapter II — Hints on eating; 
■•food values; the uses of salt. Chapter 
III — Medicinal value of certain foods. 
Chapter IV — The efiicacy of sugar; sugar, 
food for muscular work; eating for 



strength and endurance; fish as brain 
food; food for the children. Chapter V 
— Digestibility; bread; appendicitis due 
to flour. Chapter VI — Hints on drink- 
ing — water, milk, buttermilk, tea, coffee; 
how to remain young. Chapter VII — 
Hints on bathing; cold, hot, warm, tepid, 
salt, sun, air, Russian, Turkish, cabinet. 
Chapter VIII — Hints on breathing; 
breathlessness, heart strain, second 
wind, yawning, the art of yogi. Price 
10 cents. 

NO. 149— THE CARE OF THE BODY. 

A iMJuk 'liat all who value health 
should read and follow its instructions. 
By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well-known 
lecturer and authority on physical cul- 
ture. The subject is thoroughly treated, 
as a glance at the following small por- 
tion of the contents shows: An all- 
around athlete; muscular Christianity; 
eating, diet — various opinions; bill of 
fare for luain workers; bill of fare for 
muscle-makers; what to eat and drink;, 
a simple diet; an opinion on brain food; 
why is food required? drinking water; 
nutrition — how food nourishes the body; 



ATHLETIC 
LIBRARY 




GROUP XVI.PHYSICAL CULTURE Continued 



a (lily's food, how usod; constituents of 
a (iiiy's ration — lieefsteak. potatofs, 
broad, butter, water, germs of disease, 
etc. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 142— PHYSICAL TRAINING SIM- 
PLIFIED. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman, the well- 
known physical culture expert. Is a 
complete, thorough and practical book 
where the whole man is considered — brain 
and body. By following the instructions 
no apparatus is required. The book is 
adapted for both sexes. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 185— HEALTH HINTS. 

A series of articles by Prof. E. B. 
Warman, the well-kuown lecturer and 
authority on physical culture. Prof. 
Warman treats very interestingly of 
health intlnenced by insulation: health 
influenced by underwear; health influ- 
enced bv color; exercise, who needs it? 
Price 10 cents. 

NO. 213—285 HEALTH ANSWERS. 

Contents: Necessit.v for exercise in the 
summer; three rules for bic.ycling; when 
going up-hill; sitting out on summer 
nights; ventilating a bedroom; ventilat- 
ing a hiiuse; how to obtain pure air; 
bathing: salt water baths at home; a 
substitute for ice water; drinking ice 
water; to cure insomnia: asleep in two 
minutes; for those who ride wheels; sum- 



mer outdoor exercise; profuse persjiira- 
tion; danger of checking perspiration; 
dress, hot weather, etc., etc. Compiled 
by Prof. E. B. Warman. Price 10 centa. 

NO. 238— MUSCLE BUILDING. 

By Dr. L. II. Gulick, Director of 
Physical Training in the New York pub- 
lic schools. A complete trtatise on the 
correct method of acquiring muscular 
strength. Illustrated with numerous 
full-page engravings. Price 10 cents. 

NO. 234— SCHOOL TACTICS AND 
MAZE RUNNING. 

A series of drills for the use of 
schools. Edited by Dr. Luther Halsey 
Gulick, Director of Physical Training In 
the New York public schools. Price 10 
cents. 

NO. 261— TENSING EXERCISES. 

By Prof. E. B. Warman, and uniform 
with his previous numbers on Scientific 
Physical Training (see Spalding's Ath- 
letic Library Nos. 142, 149. 166. ISIJ, 
208. 21.3). The ••Tensing" or ••Resist- 
ing" system of muscular exercises is the 
most thorough, the most complete, the 
most satisfactory, and the most fascina- 
ting of systems. Only forty minutes are 
required to take all the exercises. The 
Illustrations comprise nearly 70 photo- 
graphs. Price 10 centa. 



DEC 20 190( 



The Spalding Tubular Steel 
Racing Skate 

COR years past racing men have been looking: for a skata 
* that could be depended upon absolutely. Ordinary 
solder is not always sufficient to stand the strain at certain 
points when a man is turning: a corner at full speed, and 
this is one reason why the Spalding Tubular Steel Skate, 
with every joint brazed like a bicycle frame— not soldered, 
jumped into such great popularity immediately upon its 
introduction late last season. We claim that this skate 
embraces more good points necessary to a firstrclass rac- 
ing skate than any other style on the market to-day. We 
have the opinions and practical experience of some of the 
most prominent racing men in this country to go by, 
notably Mr. Sam See, who passed on most of ihe details of 
construction, and every 
pair is backed up with 
a positive guarantee of 
quality. If it gives way 
through any fault of 
its construction, w^ e 
will gladly replace with 
a new^ pair or refund 
the money. 



__^^^^^^* 



Some Good Points 

about the Spalding 

Tubular Steel Racing 

Skate 

Absolutely guaranteed; 
very light weight, all 
tubular steel construc- 
tion; everyjointbrazed, 
not soldered, making it 
the strongest racing 
skate manufactured; 
blades very thin, made 
of 1-16 in. Norway tool 
steel, hardened; toe 
and heel plates made 
of the best partly hard- 
ened steel, left full size 
so that they can be cut 
to fit any size shoe. In 
three lengths of blade, 
14, 15 and 16 inches. 

Pair, $6.00 




A. C. SPALDING A BROS. 

New York Chicago St. Louis Washington 

Boston Minneapolis Baltimore Kansas City 

Buffalo Philadelphia Denver Pittsburg 



San Francisco 



Montreal, Can. London, £nglan4 



Won a 



r^ 

A. G. SPALDING & BROS. 

Special Award 

and a Grand Prize 

for their Gymnasium Equipment at the World's 
Fair. The hundreds of Gymnasts who competed 
in the different events in the Stadium during the 
year proclaimed the apparatus made by A. G. 
Spalding & Bros, the best that they had ever 
worked on, cmd the team of German Turners 
that came to America especially to compete in 
the International Championships at St. Louis on 
July 1 and 2, 1904, requested that they be per- 
mitted to use the apparatus of the 

Spalding Gymnasium Exhibit 

in the Gymnastic Tournament, and at the conclu- 
sion of the two-day meeting, voluntarily forwarded 
to A. G. SPALDING & BROS, a testimonial 
highly complimenting the firm on the manufacture 
of their Gymnastic Apparatus. The same re- 
quest was made by the Young Men's Christian 
Association of America, and the apparatus was 
r-y used by them for the Championships with best 

results. In the International A.A.U. Champion- 
ships A. G. Spalding & Bros.' apparatus was like- 
wise used, and the Chairman of the Committee 
declared the apparatus to be the best ever used 
in connection with a championship meeting. 






At the Louisiana Pur- 
chase Exposition, A. G. 

Spalding & Bros., in com- 
petition with the world's 

makers of Athletic Goods, 

received a Special Award 

(superior to the Grand 

Prize) consisting of a Gold 

Medal, for the best, most 
complete and most attractive installation of Athletic Supplies and 
Gymnastic Apparatus shown at the World's Fair. In addition, 
A. G. Spalding & Bros, were also awarded by the Grand Jury a 
Grand Prize for their exhibit of all kinds of Athletic Implements 

and Athletic Wearing Apparel. 
At Paris, 1900, in competition with the world's makers of Athletic 
Goods, A. G, Spalding & Bros, were awarded a Grand Prize for the 
f finest and most complete line of Athletic Goods. 



Grand Prize, 
Saint Louis, 1904 



Grand Frtx, 
Paris, 1900 



LIBRARY OF CONGRESS 



ODOaOTTHSlH 



